From BBC News
"As scientists continue to warn about the catastrophic effects of global warming, governments are being urged to take immediate action, which includes reducing carbon emissions and investing in renewable energy."
标准答案
随着科学家们不断警告全球变暖的灾难性后果，各国政府被敦促采取紧急行动，其中包括减少碳排放和投资可再生能源。
生词和习语注解：
scientists (n.) — 科学家
continue (v.) — 继续
warn (v.) — 警告
catastrophic (adj.) — 灾难性的
effects (n.) — 影响
global warming (n.) — 全球变暖
governments (n.) — 政府
urge (v.) — 敦促
immediate (adj.) — 紧急的，立刻的
action (n.) — 行动
include (v.) — 包括
reducing (v.) — 减少
carbon emissions (n.) — 碳排放
investing (v.) — 投资
renewable energy (n.) — 可再生能源
主要语法结构：
As scientists continue to warn about the catastrophic effects of global warming:
时间状语从句，"As" 引导的从句，表示主句的动作发生的时间，"scientists" 是主语，"continue to warn" 是谓语动词，"about the catastrophic effects of global warming" 是介词短语，进一步描述科学家警告的内容。
governments are being urged to take immediate action:
主句，"governments" 是主语，"are being urged" 是被动语态的谓语动词，表示各国政府正在被敦促采取行动。"to take immediate action" 是不定式短语，说明被敦促的具体内容。
which includes reducing carbon emissions and investing in renewable energy:
定语从句，"which" 指代前面的 "immediate action"，"includes"是谓语，"reducing carbon emissions and investing in renewable energy" 是并列的两个动名词短语，说明行动的具体内容。