托福考试网整理了2025年托福考试时间、托福备考资料、托福培训课程等内容、今天带来的是托福机经2025:11月15日托福写作机经汇总，希望对大家的托福考试有所帮助！

2025年托福写作机经汇总

第一套 

● 综合写作 历史 重复2022.3.26

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主题：Gustave Whitehead是否发明并驾驶了第一架飞机

报纸上报道的关于Whitehead的飞行并不可信。事实上，没有任何一片报道刊登了飞机飞行时的照片，只有飞机的手绘图。这说明了飞机并没有真正飞行过。另外，在那个时期，为了让更多的人买报纸，一些记者会虚构一些事件。The report about that flight test was not convincing for it only had some draft drawings, without any correspondent photos.1.很多Whitehead飞机的照片打印出来效果并不好。早上的光线很暗，并且飞机行驶的很快，所以那个时期的照相机很难捕捉到高质量的图像。 First, the photography technology at that time was not as advanced as it is now. As the imaging techniques were not good, the quality of the photos was low, In addition, when the experiment was conducted, it was cloudy; in such condition to capture the image of a flying plane was too difficult.

2. Whitehead的飞机构造不能让飞机起飞。因为早期的飞机不能像现在的飞机这样快速的行驶，所以，那时候的飞机都需要两到三对机翼来提供足够的升力，这样才能使飞机飞离地面。但是，Whitehead的飞机只有一对机翼，并且飞行速度较低。因此，Whitehead的飞机是不太可能飞离地面的。The design of Whitehead's plane that only had one wing was not logical for the plane usually had two or three wings at that time.2.Whitehead发明的飞机是可以飞行的。几年前，一些研究人员根据图纸百分百复制了当时Whitehead发明的飞机并测试它是否能够飞行，实验的结果是复制出来的飞机可以成功起飞。In the recent, some researchers have made a copy of Whitehead's plane based on his design diagram. They tested the copy planes four times, and each of them was successful.

3. Whitehead发明的引擎的性能并不好。在20世纪早期，Whitehead建造了大量的飞机引擎并卖给飞机制造商，但是许多制造商都没能用Whitehead的引擎造功能性好的飞机。因此，Whitehead的飞机很有可能不能飞行。Whitehead had produced many engines and sold them to several aircraft builders, but in fact none of those engines used in the planes had ever succeeded, illustrating that Whitehead had not successfully tested his plane.3.没有正确的飞机结构的设计才导致了生产商造不出功能性好的飞机。所以，即使有好的引擎，也无济于事。另外，生产商们之所以愿意购买Whitehead的引擎是因为Whitehead的引擎质量好。The problem that those engines did not work could not be blamed to Whitehead. it was because the technology was not so developed at that time and aircraft builders knew little about designing planes. The fact that there were people buying Whitehead's engines actually proved that his design had no problem.

● 学术讨论 商业活动 重复2025.8.27

Your professor is teaching a class on business. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should

· express and support your personal opinion

· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Doctor Achebe:This week, we will be discussing retail sales. One popular model of retail is "superstores"-very large stores, typically owned by corporations- that sell many kinds of different products. We will compare this business model to local retailers, typically small or specialized stores with local

owners, such as a camera shop or a small neighborhood grocery store. Do you think it is more beneficial for people to shop at small local stores rather than at superstores? Why or why not?

Kelly: Shopping at small local stores benefits consumers in many ways. One of the benefits is that small stores often offer better services than large stores. For example, if you need your bicycle repaired, usually the small shop can do it right there in the shop. At the large stores, they have to send it to the manufacturer to be repaired.

Paul: Although l understand the importance of shopping at small stores to support the local community, there are obvious benefits to shopping at superstores. Because large retailers procure products in bulk, they can offer their customers a wide variety of products, usually at low prices. So, by shopping at large stores, consumers get better value for their money.

范文：

I agree with Andrew that shopping at superstores is a better choice. Firstly, superstores typically offer more cost-effective products. For example, with the same budget, l can buy more dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt at superstores. This helps me to purchase all my necessities without emptying my wallet. Apart from cost, product quality is another deciding factor. Superstores often offer higher quality items compared to local stores. As a seafood enthusiast, l can easily find fresh and juicy shrimp and salmon at superstores without having to worry about the quality issues. While local stores may provide better service, it doesn't necessarily make them the ideal shopping choice. This is because effectively addressing customer core needs is just as important. For example, there was an occasion when my computer suddenly broke down. I anxiously took it to a local store, hoping for a swift and effective repair. Despite their excellent customer service, the staff members were unable to fix it, failing to meet my immediate need.

第二套 

● 综合写作 天文学 重复2024.7.21

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主题：地球上的细菌是不是小行星撞击地球的时候带过来的

1.细菌很难从它原来居住的行星上面脱落下来，虽然会有石块的碎片撞击别的星球，但是它撞击的力度很难把这个bacteria throw into the space。

1.这个石块在撞击的过程中会产生一个叫shock waves.比如说像地球被小行星撞击的时候,大多数生物都灭绝了，就是因为有这个shock waves的存在,所以说在别的星球上面，小行星撞击的时候也会有shock waves.这个shock waves就可以使离撞击点很远的creatures和species都能够被震到宇宙里面去都能被throw into the space，所以细菌离开行星是可能的。

2.bacteria could not live alone in the space.因为小行星，就是meteorite，它从原始星球出发到达地球，中间会经历很长很长的时间，细菌在这个meteorite上面很难存活那么久，因为在宇宙中还有比如高温和高压可能会杀死这些细菌。2.细菌在面临高危环境的时候，它会生长出一层shell，就是一层很硬的壳，可以去抵挡宇宙中的radiation和heat，所以可以存活,同时,科学家还发现，在细菌travel的过程中，他可能还会create new bacteria。

3.在meteorite进入earth atmosphere的过程中，因为表面会和空气摩擦，会产生大量的热量，这个热量足以杀死bacteria，所以它也很难进入地球表面，3.教授认为确实会kill off bacteria,但是还是有a small part of the bacteria will survive，也就是说,被杀死的不是全部的细菌，还有一部分会活下来。活下来的细菌就能够进入到地球的atmosphere，可以穿过atmosphere进入到地表,也许最后能够落在地球上的只有millions of bacteria，但是他说，这个meteorite上面可能携带了billions of bacteria，所以证明细菌还是可以进入这个地球的

● 学术讨论 心理学

Your professor is teaching a class on psychology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should

· express and support your personal opinion

· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Doctor Achebe:有些人会使用新的科技产品，但是有些人则喜欢用更古老的产品，或者更古老的机械产品，而不是电子设备。你认为为什么人们会拒绝新的技术?

Kelly: 价格太高

Paul: /

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