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　　Electricity

　　电

　　The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.

　　当今时代是电气时代。人们对电灯、收音机、电视和电话早已习以为常以致于很难想象没有它们的生活会变成什么样。当停电时，人们在闪烁的烛光下摸索着， 因没有红绿灯的指示，汽车在道路上踌躇不前，食物也因冰箱停止工作而变质。

　　Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

　　然而，人们只是在两个世纪前一点才开始了解电的使用原理。自然界显然在这方面已经历过了数百万年。 科学家发现越来越多生物世界里可能有益于人类的关于电的有趣秘密。

　　All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.

　　所有生物细胞都会发出微小的电脉冲。当心脏跳动时，把它发出的脉冲记录下来就成了心电图，医生可以据此研究以确定心脏是如何工作的。

　　The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.

　　大脑也发出脑电波，这可在脑电图上记录下来。 大多数生物细胞发出的电流都是极微小的，小到要用灵敏仪器才能记录下来。

　　But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.

　　但有一些动物的某些肌肉细胞能转化成专门的发电机，以致完全失去肌肉细胞的功能。这种细胞大量地连接在一起时产生的效果非常令人吃惊。

　　The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.

　　电鳗就是一种令人惊异的蓄电池。 它可以在水中发出相当于800伏特电压的电流(家庭用户的电压只有120伏特)。 在电鳗的身体里，多达五分之四的细胞都专门用来发电，而且发出的电流的强度大约和它身体的长度成正比。

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