第七节 一 致
一致指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。
主谓一致指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致。
在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
一、集体名词作主语时, 主语与谓语动词的一致
如集体名词在句中意指整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式;
如在句中意指其具体成员, 谓语动词复数形式。
这类集体名词包括:army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band等。
The population of the earth is increasing very fast.
One third of the population here are farmers.
The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.
The public now know the whole story.
The teaching staff of this college is/are excellent.这所大学的教师都是出类拔萃的
二、学科名称和疾病名称作主语时, 主语与谓语动词的一致
某些学科名称和疾病名称虽是复数形式, 但这些词作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
这些词包括: electronics(电子学), mechanics(力学),classics(古典文学), linguistics(语言学), economics(经济学),statistics(统计学), physics(物理学), mathematics(数学)等。
Electronics is a piece of cake to him.
Qiantum mechanics(量子力学) supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms.