近来，“citywalk（城市漫步）” 成为了一种广受人们欢迎的休闲方式。不论你身处城市还是乡间，出门散步都是一种有益于放松身心的活动。但散步作为一种消遣方式起初并没有被世界各地的人们所接受。本文介绍散步的起源以及它如何演变成为现代人的一项重要日常活动。

词汇：walking 步行

'Going for a walk' is a popular pastime among older and younger generations alike because of its well-known benefits for our physical and mental health. But you may be surprised to hear that meandering through pretty streets or hiking along mountainous ridges have not always been considered leisure activities, according to Daniel Gale, a researcher of pedestrianism.

He says that in Britain, walking for fun "wasn't really a thing" until the 1780s. Before that, it was just something people did out of necessity, and some people associated it with criminal activity. But for Charles Dickens, the famous English 19th Century author, marching through London streets and tramping around the countryside was a big part of the creative process; a time to absorb what was going on around him. He walked at an impressive pace of four miles per hour, according to his biography by Peter Ackroyd.

But if speed-walking isn't your thing, perhaps you can take inspiration from another big-thinking wanderer. 19th Century American writer Henry David Thoreau took a slower approach, preferring to saunter over hills and fields and meander through the woods. He said that he could not preserve his health and spirits, unless he spent four hours a day walking at least.

This idea of taking a stroll to clear your head has survived through to the 21st Century, but has pedestrian etiquette remained the same? A 1780 article for the London Magazine advised pedestrians to avoid things such as loitering in conversation and obstructing people behind you with a "sauntering gait". Nowadays, we could probably add distracted phone-users to that list.

In this modern age, when many of us are tied to our desks and to our screens, the simple act of stepping out onto the city pavements, or getting lost in nature, may make all the difference to our wellbeing. Whether you see yourself more as a casual stroller or a purposeful strider, why not build a habit out of it?

词汇表

go for a walk 散步
pastime 消遣，娱乐
meander 漫步，闲逛
hike 远足
leisure activity 休闲活动
pedestrianism 徒步主义
march 行走
tramp 长途行走
pace 步速
speed-walking 快速行走
wanderer 四处游走的人
saunter 漫步，闲逛
stroll 散步，溜达
pedestrian etiquette 行人礼仪
loiter 游荡，徘徊
gait 步态，步法
step out 走出去
pavement 人行道
stroller 散步的人
strider 阔步行走的人

测验与练习

1.  阅读课文并回答问题。

1. Why is going for a walk a popular pastime?

2. Before people walked for fun, what was walking associated with?

3. True or False? Charles Dickens walked to forget about writing.

4. How is Henry David Thoreau's approach to walking different to Charles Dickens's? 

5. What two things were pedestrians advised to avoid in the 1780 London Magazine article?

2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。

1. There was no clear, straight track, so we had to _______ through the trees.

pace                           loitered                        striding                       meander

2. Stopping in the middle of the street without warning is bad _______.

leisure activity            pedestrian etiquette     pastime                      pavement

3. The doctor assessed the patient's _______ to identify any signs of discomfort.

loiter                           strider                          wanderer                    gait

4. The adventurous _______ set off on a journey to discover the meaning of life.

wanderer                    loiter                            saunter                       wander

5. We're walking too fast. Can we try _______ for a while instead?

stepping                     speed-walking             strolling                       striding

答案

1.  阅读课文并回答问题。

1. Why is going for a walk a popular pastime?

Walking is a popular pastime because it has well-known physical and mental  health benefits.

2. Before people walked for fun, what was walking associated with?

Walking was associated with poverty and criminal activity.

3. True or False? Charles Dickens walked to forget about writing.

False. Charles Dickens walked as part of the creative process.

4. How is Henry David Thoreau's approach to walking different to Charles Dickens's?

Henry David Thoreau preferred to walk more slowly than Charles Dickens, who  had a fast pace.

5. What two things were pedestrians advised to avoid in the 1780 London Magazine article?

Pedestrians were advised to avoid loitering in conversation, and obstructing  people behind you with a "sauntering gait".

2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。

1. There was no clear, straight track, so we had to meander through the trees. 

2. Stopping in the middle of the street without warning is bad pedestrian etiquette.

3. The doctor assessed the patient's gait to identify any signs of discomfort.

4. The adventurous wanderer set off on a journey to discover the meaning of life.

5. We're walking too fast. Can we try strolling for a while instead?