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托福写作新题型机经试题

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1. Biological Control

In this method, a predatory animal is used to attack the unwanted invasive species, reducing its population. Scientists are looking for a predator that could be deployed against the invasive New Guinea flatworm in Europe. One possibility would be importing a natural predator of the flatworm from New Guinea: another possibility would be relying on a local European bird or reptile that finds the flatworm an attractive source of food.

2. Chemical Control

In this method, chemical pesticides are used to kill unwanted populations of an invasive species. Scientists are searching for an appropriate pesticide that could effectively reduce the populations of the New Guinea flatworm without harming other species.

3. Soil Sterilization

Since the New Guinea flatworm is transported in the soil of potted plants, the spread of the flatworm could be prevented by properly sterilizing the soil in the pots. Flatworms are vulnerable to heat, so they and their eggs could be killed if imported potted plants were dipped in hot water (around 50°C). If European governments required that the soil of imported plants be treated in this way, they could help prevent the further spread of the New Guinea flatworm.

听力

1. 一方面，这种扁形虫在新几内亚并没有任何捕食者，另一方面，欧洲本土的鸟类和爬行动物也不会吃它，因为它的肉是酸的，并不好吃。 

2. 大部分杀虫剂都不能消灭新几内亚扁形虫。只有一种名为 lindane 的杀虫剂可以消灭它，但是同时还会消灭其他动物，所以使用这种杀虫剂得不偿失。

3. 土壤消毒不能消灭所有扁形虫。盆栽植物中有很多泥土，即使将盆栽植物倾倒出来，还有一部分依附在植物深处泥土中的扁形虫并不会被高温杀死。

   托福学术讨论机经试题

 Doctor Achebe: This week, we’ll be discussing ways to address air pollution. One idea is introducing environmental taxes on air travel. Such taxes also referred to as ecological taxes or green taxes, are extra charges that get added to the price of airplane tickets. Money collected from these taxes could be invested in environmentally friendly technologies or in promoting other cleaner modes of transportation. Do you think there should be an environmental tax on air travel? Why or why not?

Kelly: We should impose environmental taxes on air travel. These taxes might encourage people to find cheaper, more eco-friendly ways to get places. In my country, many people use planes to fly a short distance because flights are relatively cheap, when they could just as easily take a less polluting form of transportation.

Paul: Additional taxes on air travel will do little to solve the problem of air pollution. Airplane tickets would become more expensive, punishing passengers without incentivizing airlines to become more environmentally friendly. The airlines should pay the price to protect the environment, not their customers.

托福写作新题型机经范文

I am inclined to agree with Paul's perspective that environmental taxes on air travel will not significantly curb air pollution. This is because that the primary patrons of air travel are the wealthy upper class, such as billionaires and corporate executives, who frequently travel for international business meetings, high-profile events, and luxury vacations. Some even own private jets to avoid traffic during rush hours; for example, a billionaire might use a private jet to attend a business meeting in another city on the same day. They typically would not mind
paying extra dollars for the comfort and speed offered by air travel. Consequently, this large group of people, unaffected by the policy, will not reduce airplane emissions. As for those less affluent, such as middle-class families who may save for months to afford an air ticket to a holiday destination like Bali or Hawaii, they are sure to suffer from the policy. However, the emissions caused by these annual family vacation only constitute too small a proportion to make a substantial difference. In conclusion, I believe governments should not impose such a policy to curb air pollution.

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