新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了2025年1-12月托福考试题机经汇总，包含托福听力、口语、阅读、写作题目及答案等，帮助大家备考托福考试。2025年托福机经（1-12月） 2025年1月托福机经汇总（1.8、1.11）2024年2月托福机经汇总（2.15、2.19、2.22）【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年02月24日 14:49

　　新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了2024年1-12月托福考试题机经汇总，包含托福听力、口语、阅读、写作题目及答案等，帮助大家备考托福考试。2024年托福机经（1-12月） 2024年1月托福机经汇总（1.6、1.13、1.20、1.24、1.27）2024年2月托福机经汇总（2.3、2.27）2024年3月托福机经汇总（3.2、3.6、3.10、3.16、3.23、3.27）2024年4月托福机经汇总（4.6、4.13、4.17、4.21、4.27）2024年5月托福机经汇总（5.11、5.15、5.18、5.26） 2024年6月托福机经汇总（6.2、6.8、6.12、6.16、6.22、6.26、6.30） 2024年7月托福机经汇总（7.6、7.10、7.13、7.20、7.21、7.24）2024年8月托福机经汇总(8.17、8.21、8.24、8.26、8.28)2024年9月托福机经汇总(9.1、9.4、9.7、9.8、9.14、9.15、9.18)2024年10月托福机经汇总（10.12、10.16、10.19、10.26、10.27、10.30）2024年11月托福机经汇总（11.2、11.3、11.9、11.13、11.17、11.24）2024年12月托福机经汇总（12.1、12.8、12.14、12.18、12.28）【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2024年11月13日 16:06

　　2025年4月23日的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福写作机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的写作考查内容。托福写作机经第一套综合写作   哺乳动物阅读听力　　                           主题：引进beaver到英国　　　　河狸会建造水坝，堵塞河流，阻止鱼类通过。　　　　　　河狸不会在每条河流中都建造水坝，而且它们挖掘的池塘有助于小鱼找到食物和躲避捕食者。　　　　　　河狸挖洞会导致土壤流失。　　　　土壤流失主要是因为水流太快，而河狸挖洞反而能使水流变慢，减少土壤流失。　　　　　　河狸会啃食树木，破坏森林和生态系统。　　　　　　树倒塌后，阳光可以照射到更多地面，促进花丛生长，吸引更多昆虫和动物，有益于生态系统。学术讨论　　社会现象　　Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　· express and support your personal opinion　　· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: In many countries, the standard workweek consists of eight hours of work each day for five days per week. Now, though, some people advocate a shorter workweek: a four-day workweek with no decrease in workers' pay. There are advantages and disadvantages to this of course. What is your opinion about instituting a shorter, four-day workweek, and why?　　Kelly: I like that idea, but on one condition: that the workday is no longer than eight hours. have heard some plans require ten hours a day for a four-day week. Most employees would find that exhausting, and it could actually be counterproductive to tire out your workers. Yes to four-day weeks, but no to ten-hour days!　　Paul: In my country, the workweek is Monday to Friday plus half a day on Saturday, so moving to a four-day workweek would be too drastic a change! Workers might struggle to complete their tasks in a four-day workweek. It seems less stressful to spread work out over more days rather than trying to condense it all into a shorter week.　　范文：　　From my perspective, the implementation of a four-day workweek is definitely a great idea because it benefits employees in various aspects. To be more specific, this policy enables workers—especially working parents—to better manage the demands of both their jobs and personal lives. With three consecutive days off, they would have sufficient time to complete household responsibilities, connect with friends, or engage in hobbies such as painting or exercising. More importantly, parents can dedicate meaningful time to their children—helping with homework, attending school events, or simply being present—without feeling rushed or overwhelmed. A longer weekend promotes emotional well-being and work-life balance, which are often neglected under the standard schedule. Therefore, a four-day workweek enhances employee satisfaction, making it a worthwhile policy for forward-thinking employers to consider.第二套　　综合写作 地质学 重复2024.4.13阅读听力主题：sailing stone形成的原因　　　　One such explanation is that the stones are pushed by the wind. Scientists have recorded strong winds in the playa, and when it rains, the playa's muddy floor becomes slick and slippery. Under such conditions, powerful gusts of wind could give the stones a considerable push. The reduced friction of the muddy ground would then allow the stones to slide long distances. Adding to the strength of this theory is the observation that the stones often travel parallel to the direction of the most common prevailing winds.　　　　　First, it's true that the race track playa experiences powerful wins. But when the stones move, they leave rather deep grooves in the ground that dig into the valley floor. The grooves look like very deep tire tracks in the mud. This means the moving stones meet a lot of resistance. They're being pushed through the mud rather than just sliding or rolling on the surface. You would need a lot of force to push three hundred kilogram stones through the playa's muddy floor. And it is unlikely that even powerful winds have enough force to do that.　　　　　　A second possible theory for the stones' movement involves ice formations. During the night, groundwater will occasionally seep up and form ice sheets on the ground. The ice sheets can trap stones within them. Ice sheets that form on sloping ground can start sliding slowly down the slope, pulled by gravity. Large and thick ice sheets would be able to drag along even heavy stones trapped within them. Over time the gradual sliding movement could transport the stones great distances.　　　　　　What about the ice sheet theory? Well, for this theory to work. Large and thick ice sheets would have to form. There may be some ice occasionally forming in the race track. But the conditions there are not really favorable for large scale ice. First, it's a desert area, so there's only a small volume of groundwater available. And the small amount of ground water is not the only limiting factor. The temperature may drop below, freezing at night, but then it rises during the day. So the temperature typically does not stay below freezing long enough to allow the ice sheets to grow and thicken to the size needed to trap and carry the stones.　　　　　　A third explanation is that people move the stones as part of an elaborate joke. In recent years, there have been reports of other unusual phenomena like crop circles, which were at first hard to explain but later turned out to be the work of people playing jokes. It is possible that the sailing stones have been moved around by people rather than by any natural forces.　　　　　　And third, although the sailing stones may seem like someone's idea of a perfect practical joke. There isn't any evidence that people move them. Researchers have never found human footprints or the footprints of a pack animal like a horse that could drag the stones. And since we can tell from the stones tracks that they sometimes move during muddy periods. It would be impossible for any individuals to move the stones without leaving some kind of tracks themselves.　　学术讨论   环保   重复2024.4.1       Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: Starting this week, we are going to discuss the effect that pollution has on our environment. Specifically, we will focus on the pollution of waterways, which has caused significant health problems around the world. Large amounts of plastics, industrial waste, and trash pollute the oceans and rivers. l want you to consider the following question: How much can individuals help solve the water pollution problem compared with large institutions such as corporations and governments? Please explain your position.　　Kelly: Individual efforts will likely have little effect. It is better to focus on large corporations that do the most damage to our waterways. Think of the oil companies that have spills and factory owners that dump chemicals into the waterways. Individuals pollute the water too, but companies have much more impact. Business leaders need to set examples for the community.　　Paul: I think individual people are the first step in solving the pollution problem. For example, when one person stops using harmful chemicals or helps clean up a local waterway, it can inspire others. They can use social media to spread the word and share examples of positive behavior. This can quickly become a grassroots movement for change.第三套　　综合写作 历史 重复2023年10月、11月家考题阅读听力主题：腓尼基水手是否绕非洲航行　　　　First, it is highly unlikely that the Phoenician sailors possessed the necessary technology to sail around Africa as early as 600 B.C.E. The ships they built were small and held together only with crude wooden pegs. Also, the ships had only one simple square-shaped sail. While such technology might have been suitable to sail on the Mediterranean Sea near Phoenicia, it would not have been suitable for the long voyage in the open ocean around Africa. First, it's true that Phoenicians used rather simple sailing technology, but that doesn't mean the voyage was impossible. In fact, recently in the twentieth century, some scientists and shipbuilders built a copy of an old Phoenician ship to see how capable it was of sailing long distances. They used exactly the same materials and techniques that were available to Phoenicians six hundred years BC. And guess what. The scientists successfully sailed this copy of an old ship around Africa, so Phoenician ships may have been good enough for a voyage like this.Second, it also goes against what we know about Egyptian rulers of the time to suggest that Necho II ordered the expedition and hired the Phoenicians. Ancient Egyptians are understood to have been generally uninterested in exploring the world beyond their kingdom and the lands immediately surrounding it. Necho II would have had no reason to hire Phoenician sailors.　　　　　First, it's true that Phoenicians used rather simple sailing technology, but that doesn't mean the voyage was impossible. In fact, recently in the twentieth century, some scientists and shipbuilders built a copy of an old Phoenician ship to see how capable it was of sailing long distances. They used exactly the same materials and techniques that were available to Phoenicians six hundred years BC. And guess what. The scientists successfully sailed this copy of an old ship around Africa, so Phoenician ships may have been good enough for a voyage like this.　　　　　　Second, it's true that the ancient Egyptians were generally not interested in exploring areas outside Egypt, but Necho the Second was a rather different kind of king in this respect. For example, he was very interested in water transportation and started major projects to connect Egyptian rivers and seas through canals. Necho probably wanted to explore the possibilities of water transportation in general for trading purposes. He could have hired the Phoenician sailors to sail around Africa to help him discover new trading partners. Third, it is possible that the account of a journey around Africa recorded in the ancient sources was just a story invented by sailors that later spread. It was not uncommon for people of the ancient world to make up stories and pass them off as truths, particularly when it had to do with the ocean. Stories of sea monsters and magical islands were also popular at the time, so in the same way, a story about a voyage around Africa could have been invented as well.　　　　　　Second, it's true that the ancient Egyptians were generally not interested in exploring areas outside Egypt, but Necho the Second was a rather different kind of king in this respect. For example, he was very interested in water transportation and started major projects to connect Egyptian rivers and seas through canals. Necho probably wanted to explore the possibilities of water transportation in general for trading purposes. He could have hired the Phoenician sailors to sail around Africa to help him discover new trading partners.　　　　　　Finally, the Phoenician sailors reported some facts that make it unlikely that they invented the story. They reported that when they sailed far to the south, they noticed that at midday, at twelve o'clock, the sun was in the northern part of the sky instead of the southern. Well, that's exactly what happens in the southern hemisphere. The sun appears in the northern part of the sky at midday, in contrast to what happens in the northern hemisphere, where the sailors were from. This information about the position of the sun would be hard to invent. The most likely explanation for it is that the Phoenicians had actually gone to the southern hemisphere and observed the sun themselves.　　　　　　Finally, the Phoenician sailors reported some facts that make it unlikely that they invented the story. They reported that when they sailed far to the south, they noticed that at midday, at twelve o'clock, the sun was in the northern part of the sky instead of the southern. Well, that's exactly what happens in the southern hemisphere. The sun appears in the northern part of the sky at midday, in contrast to what happens in the northern hemisphere, where the sailors were from. This information about the position of the sun would be hard to invent. The most likely explanation for it is that the Phoenicians had actually gone to the southern hemisphere and observed the sun themselves.      　　学术讨论 社会现象 重复2023年10月、11月家考题　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: In the next few weeks, we'll be talking about urban traffic management. Let's begin by discussing one popular idea--creating car-free central zones. Some cities around the world have recently designated their downtown areas as being automobile-free which means that vehicles are not allowed to enter the city centers. Do you think that more cities should make their central zones car-free?Why and why not?　　Kelly: I support the idea of establishing car-free central zones because this will result in one important benefit for city residents-it will be better for their health. Instead of driving everywhere, people will be encouraged to walk or cycle more. It would be a great way to incorporate exercise into people's routines.　　Paul: It sounds like a good idea, but I'm skeptical. My main concern is that many businesses located in the city centers, such as shops and restaurants, may suffer because the customers will no longer be able to reach those businesses by car. For some customers, if they can't drive, they won't go at all.【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　PC端访问地址>>  托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听‍

2025年04月25日 12:19

　　2025年4月23日的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福口语机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的口语考查内容。托福口语机经TASK 1　　第一套 教育　　When giving feedbacks to the students, some teachers would like to talk to their students in person, while others would give written comments to their students. Which one do you think is better? Please explain why in details and examples.【重复2021年2月28日; 2018年7月8日 ; 2017年11月4日线下原题】　　Sample Answer　　As a student, I would be more comfortable if the professor gives me written feedback.　　Because I think it's less stressful this way. because when you meet the professor in person, it's actually very stressful because you don't know what kind of question the professors would ask, and you don't know if you can answer the questions or not. However, if they just give you written comments, you would have enough time to think about how to give feedback to the professors. So I think it's less stressful. Also, the professors are really busy and it's quite hard to make an appointment with them to meet in person. So, I think written comments would be more suitable to both of us.　　第二套 教育　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The determining factor of the success of students in school is the intelligence. Please explain your answer in detail and examples.【重复2020年7月29日】　　Sample Answer　　Well, I don’t really agree with this statement.　　You might think that success in school is directly related to IQ, but you'd only be partially right. While high intelligence can help make coursework, from kindergarten to college, easier to understand, it isn't the only factor that goes into determining how well you'll perform in school.　　There are a lot of other things, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that can affect your grades, ability to learn, and ultimately your success in high school and college alike. Other factors that contribute to your success are much more surprising, like stress level, EQ or even your confidence.　　第三套 教育　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is a good idea to use educational games in class.【重复2025年2月22日;2020 年 11 月 21 日线下原题】　　Sample Answer　　Personally speaking, I totally agree that playing games in classes is a great idea.　　The reason is that, nowadays students are living under huge pressure from their study and their peers. Most of them are overwhelmed by all the projects, assignments and extracurricular activities. As a result, if the class is boring and plain, they can easily get tired and lose their interests, and will have to pay active attention to the class, which will not last long.　　On the contrary, if the teacher can use skills like games to engage the students, they will be attracted to the class, and concentrate without even trying. It will be very beneficial for them.TASK 2　　第一套 学生活动　　阅读　　阅读：一个学生去北极参加科考项目，让所有学生都应该参加。　　Point1：greater understanding　　Point2：学校承担所有花费　　听力　　听力：Disagree　　Point1：不是所有学生都对travel abroad 感兴趣，比如我自己，毕业之后想留在本地。　　Point2：有些额外开销，因为冷还得穿厚衣服靴子啥的，自己得订机票，其实花费还是很大。　　第二套 学校计划　　阅读　　阅读：学校要把剧院搬到市中　　Point1: 可以有更多的观众　　Point2: 可以有更好的设备　　听力　　听力：Disagree　　Point1：学生们不想去那么远　　Point2：设备太高级学生很难操作　　第三套 学生活动　　阅读　　学校社团应该取消选拔(audition)　　听力　　女生反对　　1.社团活动本应是同学们放松身心、享受乐趣的途径，设置选拔环节，会让同学们为了通过选拔而倍感压力，将精力放在准备选拔上，使得参与社团的过程变得紧张和功利，违背了社团娱乐的核心与初衷。　　2.校园中同时存在选拔型和开放型社团。两种类型社团共存，能够充分兼顾不同同学的需求，为同学们提供多样化的选择。TASK 3　　第一套 商业　　阅读　　Audience profile　　企业在市场营销的时候，会调查完客户群体之后浓缩成一个具有代表性的虚拟人，包含所有特征。　　听力　　食品公司明确将注重健康的年轻女性作为目标客户群体。为了更深入地了解这一群体，公司构建了一个典型的客户画像：年龄设定在 20 多岁，这一年龄段的女性通常对自身形象和健康较为关注;画像中的客户经常去健身房，表明她们重视运动健身;还会浏览瑜伽相关网站，体现出她们对健康生活方式和瑜伽运动的兴趣。公司制作了针对性的广告，确保广告精准触达潜在客户，提高广告的转化率和营销效果，实现精准营销。　　第二套 心理学　　阅读　　Overconfidence effect　　指个体在判断或决策过程中，对自身能力、判断或预测结果表现出高于实际情况的自信程度，高估自己成功的可能性，而低估潜在风险和困难的一种认知偏差　　听力　　教授的儿子想找一个报社的工作，这个工作不仅要求成绩，还要求许多其他的能力。教授一开始觉得儿子应该不太能找到这么好的工作，但是儿子持续的努力，一直对自己要求严格。最后没有能去到报社，可是因为儿子一直以来的努力，收到了其他很好的工作机会。　　第三套 生物理论　　阅读　　Age dimorphism　　指同一物种的不同年龄阶段个体，在形态、结构、颜色等外观特征上表现出明显差异的现象，这些差异往往与物种的生存、繁衍等行为密切相关，对生物个体的生存和物种的延续具有重要意义。　　听力　　成年海鸟通常是白色的，而幼年的海鸟通常是黑色的。通过颜色的区分让他们在生活中更有生存优势。成年海鸟通常具有同类攻击性，幼年海鸟的黑色羽毛可以保护他们不被成年海鸟攻击。TASK 4　　第一套 生物理论　　考拉的适应特征(Adaptive Characteristics of Koalas)：考拉这种食叶动物而言，其生存环境主要为澳大利亚的桉树林，食物来源单一且营养有限、含有毒素。因此，考拉进化出了与之相适应的特征，以应对这样的生存挑战，确保自身能够在这种特殊环境中存活和延续种群。　　例子：　　1.考拉以桉树叶为主要食物来源，桉树叶营养成分低，且能量难以被快速吸收。为了在这种低能量摄入的情况下维持生命活动，考拉进化出了减少活动量降低能量消耗。　　2.桉树叶含有多种对大多数动物有害的毒素，而考拉经过长期进化，其体内形成了特殊的蛋白质。这些特殊蛋白质能够有效地分解桉树叶中的毒素，使得考拉在食用桉树叶时，不会因毒素积累而中毒。　　第二套 生物理论　　2 functions of Biofluorescence　　1.防御捕食者　　2.杀菌　　例子：　　1.部分鲨鱼的鱼鳍具有生物荧光功能。当鲨鱼的鱼鳍发出荧光时，这种发光现象就像是一种警示信号，向捕食者传达 “不要靠近，否则会受伤” 的信息。　　2.猫鲨通常栖息在海底，海底的环境复杂且充满挑战，各种细菌和微生物滋生，这些环境因素对猫鲨的健康构成威胁。而猫鲨的背部含有能够产生生物荧光的物质，这些物质在发挥生物荧光特性的同时，还具备杀菌能力。　　第三套 摄影　　两种照片处理技术：(2 techniques to manipulate photo)：　　1.剪切粘贴(cut and paste)　　2.覆盖绘画(overpainting)　　例子：　　1.拍摄集体照时，可能会出现个别人员眨眼、动作不自然，或者因移动造成画面局部模糊的情况。可利用剪切粘贴技术，从同一场景的其他清晰照片中选取状态良好的人物部分，将其剪切下来，粘贴到原本模糊的集体照对应位置。　　2.一些年代久远的老照片可能存在褪色、破损等问题，通过覆盖绘画技术，艺术家可以先记住照片中人物原本的肤色等特征，然后使用绘画工具和颜料，在照片表面进行涂抹和绘制，重新填充颜色、修复破损部分，让老照片恢复往日光彩。【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　PC端访问地址>>  托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月25日 12:08

　　2025年4月23日的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福听力机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的听力考查内容。托福听力机经　　C-1 学术类对话 是chemistry 学术对话。学生打碎了实验器材，因为她想一次性把实验器材类似试管啥的都拿走，结果不小心弄碎了，老师说问题不大，不过还是要小心，重点是你没受伤。学生说，不过她很担心她的论文等。最后一道题是重听题，重播了教授的语气，类似 啊哈。其中一个选项的意思是 教授找到了他要的信息。　　C-2 生活类对话 学生与大学广播站的顾问讨论了学生准备的关于校园食物的专题报道。顾问对学生的第二版稿子表示赞赏，认为这篇报道已经准备好作为广播站每周新闻节目的头条。接着，顾问提到，大学广播站即将与当地的一个广播电台建立合作伙伴关系，目的是将校园新闻和专题报道扩展到更广泛的地方听众。通过这一合作，学生将有机会参观当地电台，向专业广播人员学习，还可能获得实习机会。顾问还计划邀请一些专业人士来学校做客座讲座。学生对这个合作感到兴奋，并询问了当地电台的听众数量，顾问表示每天大约有几千人收听，相较干大学电台的几百人，这个数字要多得多。最后，顾问建议学生更新之前关于新商学院大楼建设的报道，因为这个话题具有吸引更多听众的潜力，特别是涉及到社区成员如何参与非学分课程等信息，可能会引起公众的兴趣。　　C-3 生活类对话 关于职业发展的，她去找相关人，那个女孩子学的cinema这方面相关的。然后说她想申请一个国外的项目，workshop。围绕这个开始了一系列展开。说她觉得这个太贵了　　C-4 学术类对话 Malcolm和他的历史教授讨论了Malcolm关于墨西哥电影的报告。Malcolm计划将他的参考书目按作者字母顺序列出，并询问教授是否可以使用西班牙语的资料。教授表示完全可以使用任何有助于研究的话语材料，并且称赞 Malcolm选择的墨西哥电影作为研究主题非常有趣，特别是1930到1954年间的电影传统。Malcolm提到，随着电视的流行和政府对电影行业的资金支持停止，墨西哥电影在1954年后开始衰退。教授建议Malcolm在报告中加入更多关于墨西哥电影的背景资料，而不仅仅是分析电影黄金时代的衰落。他建议Malcolm在报告中讨论电影在墨西哥社会中的作用，提到一些著名导演以及他们的电影风格，还可以探讨墨西哥电影是否受到其他国家电影的影响。Malcolm提到了一位俄罗斯导演对墨西哥电影的影响，并指出墨西哥电影有现实主义和魔幻诗意两种风格。教授同意了Malcolm的想法，鼓励他加入更多细节和背景，以使报告更加全面。环境科学，lecture是说CO2，说能不能更多贮存它，以防止全球变暖。前面lead in,解释了一个概念，但那个概念不认识记不住，说那个概念的terrestrial方面，教授问怎么办能更多贮存?女生说可以通过用更多土地种植树木。教授说是的，但土地还有很多其他田外。　　L-1 环境科学 讲二氧化碳导致全球变暖，这个问题非常严重得立刻解决。并重点讲解决方案。这方案分为pre burning fuel和 post burning fuel2个方面。然后是这两做法好处和坏处。 最后教授说重点不是2个做法都选，而是赶紧选择其中一个　　L-2 农业 在这段讲座中，教授讨论了玉米作为一种重要粮食作物的特点与历史。玉米属于禾本科植物，与稻米、小麦、燕麦等作物同属一类。全球超过一半的人口依赖禾本科植物作为主要食物。玉米的驯化历史较为模糊，但它可能在9000多年前的墨西哥被最早驯化为农作物。教授提到，通过对玉米的野生亲戚-墨西哥的野生植物“地奥辛特”(teosinte)的研究，科学家们能够揭示玉米的驯化过程。玉米与地奥辛特在生物学特性上有显著差异。地奥辛特的种子与植物的茎部连接松散，易于被动物传播，这对野生植物生长有利。然而，玉米的种子坚软、排列整齐，并被包裹在紧实的外壳中，适合人类食用和运输。此外，玉米的花粉较重，传播距离短，需要种植多排玉米才能确保授粉成功。玉米是一种高产作物，能够迅速生长并且每穗有大量种子。这些优良特性是通过基因选择逐步培育出来的，教授指出，如果用地奥辛特代替玉米进行大规模生产，美国的玉米产量将需要十倍于当前的耕地面积。教授强调，这些基因的选择和培育在10000年前并没有现代科技的支持，而是依靠人类的观察力和简单工具完成的。　　L-3 建筑学 讲的万神殿的dome怎么hold，用了各种石头材料 越往顶上越thin石头越轻。主要是在讲dome的上面的轻下面的重而且没有柱子支撑所以里面的space很充足 然后最后讲天花板上还有个洞let sun in，而且屋顶好像做的是斜的雨水进不来啥的。　　L-4 化学 一个人证明金属燃烧的时候称重发现有氧气参与，但是被另一个人反驳觉得第一个人试验费钱复杂 不好复刻 其他人证明不了。第二个人还说 金属光泽感来自于一个物质 烧的时候就烧没有了。然后 老师还是觉得第一个人挺厉害的 因为还整出来 33个化学元素 为后来的元素周期表做出了铺垫，然后强调他的method给力。　　L-5 历史 说的是financial方面，说欧洲美国的航海贸易发展。专有名词很多。一开始是通过什么进步去促进相关交流，从原来几周时间被大大缩短了。有新兴运输公司出现。然后又通过电子货币促进发展。　　【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月25日 12:00

　　2025年4月23日的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福阅读机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的阅读考查内容。托福阅读机经　　考古学 The origin of writing　　文字的发明是人类历史上最重要的进步之一，也是我们区别于其他动物的主要特征。文字使人类能够跨越时间和距离传递信息和思想，是现代文明的基础。我们并不确切知道是谁最先发明了文字，甚至不知道具体的时间或地点，但许多学者认为，大约在5000年前在底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的肥沃新月地带，也就是现代伊拉克的地区，文字就诞生了。 生活在美索不达米亚的人被称为苏美尔人，他们拥有先进的文明，包括高度发达的经济、宗教和军事。　　历年重复2014.10.18　　植物与生态 Mycorrhizae (absorb nutrients & create underground network)　　陆地植物有特殊的根系，其中含有某些种类的真菌。这些植物的特殊根系和居住在其上的真菌统称为菌根，或真菌根。真菌可能消耗植物高达20%至30%的碳和能量。植物得到了什么回报?答案在于真菌的独特结构它们由细长的丝状管组成，称为菌丝。这些菌丝要么在根毛周围形成紧密编织的团块要么穿透根细胞。 由于菌丝体的细丝比最细的根毛还要细得多，它们提供了进入土壤微小空间的途径，否则这些空间是无法穿透的。菌丝体对植物获取磷、钾、铜、锌和其他营养物质特别有帮助，这些营养物质不会随着根部吸收的水流动而自由移动。最细的根毛直径为20到30微米，而菌根菌丝体的直径只有1到2微米。　　地质学 The Port of Melaka　　马六甲港口位于马来半岛西南海岸，大约在14世纪初期建立，它延续了之前地区性强国室利佛逝的传统，确保了国际贸易的成功。它的成功归功于多个因素。首先，它通常能够保证其海上航线的安全。马六甲的统治者，就像室利佛逝的统治者那样，获得了各种“奥朗·劳特”(游牧海民)的忠诚，这些海民保护马六甲的客户，并攻击前往敌对港口的船只。这些保障措施(以及对那些经过马六甲的人的攻击威胁)是商人决定频繁光顾新定居点而不是光顾该地区其他港口的一个重要因素。　　摄影 Early photography in the United States　　当摄影技术于1839年随着银版摄影法的出现而首次问世时，它因揭示自然的真相而不受人为干预的扭曲而备受赞誉。在引入后不久，摄影就催生了一个虚拟的新专利和技术行业。其中一些创新旨在提高图像质量，而其他创新则专注于摄影的商业应用。在乡村，从绘画肖像转向制作照片的旅行艺术家，以及希望利用新技术的铁匠和鞋匠等其他手工艺人加入了这一行列。这些乡村摄影师倾向于单独工作，从一个门到另一个门，从一个城镇到另一个城镇，制作和销售质量各异的银版照片。而在城市里，相反，银版摄影师试图吸引更有文化的客户。他们将自己标榜为专业人士，吹嘘自己作品的审美质量，并开设雇用助手的商店。银版照片变得如此流行，以至于到19世纪50年代初，在城市的各个中心都有“银版照片工厂”。　　历年重复2016.11.05　　交通 The Role of the Horse in Transportation　　在古代，马拉车并不总是比人力在地面运输上更优越。马的优势只有在马掌和有效马具的组合下才能体现出来。地面运输的性能也取决于道路的状况;平坦、坚硬、干燥的道路减少了摩擦，允许更高的速度。古代社会的道路大多只是软土，季节性变成泥泞的车辙或尘士飞扬的小径。罗马人在一个广泛的网络中投入了大量劳动力和组织，这些道路经过精心建造，上面覆盖着碎石混凝土、鹅卵石或砂浆铺设的板。　　效率低下的马匹在糟糕的路况上行驶缓慢，即使拉相对较轻的负载也是如此。公元4世纪，罗马道路上的最大负载限制为326公斤(kg)的马拉驿车和高达490公斤的较慢的牛拉车。在良好道路上行驶的每日范围为50-70公里(km)的乘客马车，30-40公里的重型马拉马车，以及高达一半距离的牛车，它们被这种运输方式的低速度所限制。使用手推车的人每天大约可以走10-15公里。 当然，信使骑快马可以覆盖更长的距离。罗马道路记录的最大速度可达每天380公里。陆运的低速度和低容量转化为过高的成本，正如罗马皇帝戴克里先(Diocletian)在《价格法令》(Edict on Prices)中的数字所表明的。公元301年，仅120公里的陆路运输成本比从埃及运粮到罗马港口奥斯蒂亚(Ostia)还要高。埃及的粮食到达距离罗马约20公里的奥斯蒂亚后，会被重新装上驳船，逆着台伯河(Tiber River)的流向运往罗马，而不是用牛车拉运。　　历年重复2019.10. 26【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月25日 11:58

　　2025年4月12日下午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福写作机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的写作考查内容。托福写作机经第一套 整套重复上午场　　综合写作   哺乳动物 重复2024.3.16/ 2025.04.12上午阅读听力主题：南方居留虎鲸（southern resident orca）数量下降的原因　　　　1.化学污染：工业化学品抑制了虎鲸的繁殖能力，具体是污染形成的多氯联苯堆积抑制了繁殖，因为这类南方居留虎鲸吃鲑鱼，可能通过食物摄入了较多的多氯联苯。　　　　　　1. 这些鲸鱼确实摄入了被称为多氯联苯的化学物质，但尚不清楚这是否会影响它们的繁殖。其他虎鲸群落也生活在该地区。然而，南方居留虎鲸的独特之处在于，它们主要以鲑鱼等鱼类为食。其他群落中的虎鲸主要以较大的猎物为食，如海豹，而那些较大的猎物中多氯联苯的含量实际上高于鱼类。　　　　　　2. 噪音：观赏鲸鱼的船越来越多，引擎的声音让虎鲸不能进行回声定位，影响了虎鲸觅食。　　　　　　2. 研究人员最近研究了来自观鲸船的噪音。他们在鲸鱼身上安装了传感器，测量了噪音。结果发现对鲸鱼来说，船只的噪音并不是很大。　　　　　　3. .细菌感染：存在细菌感染的情况。　　　　　　3. 在鲸鱼呼出的水滴中检测到少量葡萄球菌细菌。但动物可以耐受少量细菌而不生病。我们需要看到呼吸问题或肺部损伤等迹象，但这些鲸鱼很难检查。它们在海洋中自由地游泳。       社会现象 重复2023.11.11 / 2025.04.12上午       Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: With so many opportunities to connect nowadays, some people believe that no matter which country we come from, we have more similarities than we have differences. However, others have observed that differences between themselves and people from other countries are growing. In your view, are differences between people from different countries increasing, or are they diminishing? Why?　　Kelly: I think the differences among us are decreasing as our exposure to products from other countries grows. We can enjoy food from any country. We can watch movies made in far away places. We can go to a store and buy authentic goods from around the world. These things become part of our normal life and make our differences seem smaller.　　Paul: I understand what Andrew is saying, but for some people, being exposed to differences makes them retreat into their own corner even more. Look at social media. We are exposed to many different people and ideas, but a lot of people talk to only those they agree with and ignore the rest. This only makes the differences between people increase.　　范文：　　In today’s interconnected world, I firmly believe that differences between people from different countries are diminishing due to globalization’s profound influence on shared values, media consumption, and collaborative global initiatives. While cultural distinctions persist, the forces of technology and international cooperation are fostering unprecedented common ground. Firstly, global media platforms have created a universal cultural lexicon. Streaming services like Netflix and Spotify expose audiences worldwide to diverse content, such as K-dramas from South Korea or Afrobeats music from Nigeria, which transcend borders. Viral trends, like the "Ice Bucket Challenge," demonstrate how social media unites individuals in shared activities, fostering collective identities. When millions participate in identical online challenges or discuss the same shows, cultural boundaries blur, emphasizing shared human experiences over regional differences. Secondly, collaborative efforts to address global challenges highlight our converging priorities. The Paris Agreement on climate change, signed by 196 countries, reflects a unified commitment to sustainability. Similarly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, nations shared research and resources, illustrating how crises compel cooperation. These initiatives reveal that despite varying political systems, societies increasingly recognize interdependence, aligning goals for collective well-being. Critics argue that nationalism and cultural preservation movements signify growing divides. However, such movements often coexist with global integration. For instance, Japan balances its rich traditions with cutting-edge technology exports, showcasing how cultural pride can complement—not contradict—global participation. In conclusion, while unique traditions endure, globalization’s role in harmonizing media, values, and problem-solving underscores that our similarities now overshadow historical differences. As technology and collaboration advance, this trend toward unity will likely intensify, creating a more cohesive global community.第二套　　综合写作 哺乳动物 重复2024.08.28阅读听力　　                           主题：保护草原鼠犬（prairie dogs）　　　　　　1. 保护prairie dogs可能会对农民利益造成损害，因为它们与牛群竞争草地资源。这种竞争可能导致草地资源的减少，对农民的牧草生产造成不利影响。　　　　　　　　1. 牛群通常被集中在特定的区域养殖，而不是在自然草地上放养。因此，prairie dogs与牛只之间的竞争并不是一个实际问题。此外，prairie dogs是草地的天然建设者，通过挖掘洞穴可以改善土壤通风和排水，促进植物生长，并帮助保持草地的健康。　　　　　　　　2. prairie dogs身上携带跳蚤，这些跳蚤可能携带鼠疫病菌。鼠疫是一种严重的传染病，如果人类接触到感染的跳蚤，可能会导致健康问题。　　　　　　　　2. 虽然prairie dogs携带跳蚤，这些跳蚤可能携带鼠疫病菌，但实际上，这种跳蚤并不会在人类身上存活。过去50年间仅有少数人感染鼠疫，因此人类感染鼠疫的风险非常低。此外，通过适当的公共卫生措施和教育，人们可以减少与prairie dogs接触的风险。　　　　　　　　3. 由于prairie dogs处于食物链的底端，保护它们的作用对生态系统来说可能相对较小。这是因为它们主要以草为食，而没有其他物种直接依赖它们作为食物来源。　　　　　　　　3. prairie dogs在草原生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。它们的洞穴为其他物种提供了栖息地，比如蛇和狐狸等稀有物种。此外，prairie dogs也是食物链的重要一环，为其他动物提供食物来源。保护prairie dogs有助于维持生态系统的平衡和多样性。　　　　教育 重复2024.08.21　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: This week we will discuss issues faced by secondary school administrators. l'm referring to schools for teenage students. One such issue is students who change schools. Students change schools for many different reasons, the most common being a family move. On the discussion board. I want you to exchange ideas about what schools can do to make the transition to a new school easier for teenagers.　　Kelly: I think schools should assign new students a fellow student who can help them adjust. The "student buddy" can do things like make sure the new student can find the cafeteria or the right classrooms. For new students, it's a lot easier to ask a fellow student a question rather than ask at eacher or the principal　　Paul: I would require new students to sign up for some school club or activity that meets outside of class. That way, new students would have an easy way to meet other students in a friendly environment. lt would give them a group to immediately identify with.第三套　　综合写作   生态阅读听力主题：　　during the geologic period called the Middle Miocene, Antarctica was as much as 11° C warmer than it is today　　　　　　　1. there is the evidence of pollen grains, small particles that plants release when they reproduce.　　　　　　　　　1. the tree pollen found on the coast of antarctica did not necessarily originate in antarctica. It's possible that it traveled to antarctica. Pollen grains are very light they can be carried by the wind for thousands of kilometers. They can also float on ocean water. The pollen grange that scientists found in antarctica could have easily traveled there from nearby places with warmer climate. Like south America or New Zealand.　　　　　　　2. There is also some indication that carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere were elevated during the Middle Miocene.　　　　　　　　　2. it's true that there was a lot of volcanic activity during the Miocene, but did it cause higher levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide? Recently, we used improved methods to measure atmospheric CO two during the middle. Surprisingly, the improved measurements showed that despite the high volcanic activity. The atmosphere was not rich in CO two in fact, it turns out that CO two levels fifteen million years ago, were lower than CO two levels today.　　　　　　　　　3. high levels of deuterium have been found in the remains of plants that grew in Antarctica 15 million years ago.　　　　　　　　　3. high levels of deuterium found in plants don't always mean increased rainfall. All plants absorb deuterium when it rains, but different plants have a different capacity for absorbing and keeping deuterium. Some types of Miocene plants tend to absorb and keep a lot of deuterium, while other plants absorb and keep less deuterium. It depends on the type of plan.　　●学术讨论 教育　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: This week, we'll examine issues in education reform. For example, some educators think that by focusing mainly on foundational knowledge in subjects like reading, math, and science, schools are not fully preparing students for success in the workplace. These educators argue that soft skills -nonacademic skills such as being empathetic or having a strong work ethic-should be part of the curricula, with classroom time dedicated to developing these skills. Do you agree? Why or why not?　　Kelly: I agree. While students need a strong foundation in academic subjects, soft skills are important because they affect how well students do their work. If classroom time is set aside for these skills, students will take them seriously and their academic work will benefit. Teachers could design lessons so that students learn about a skill and then do role-playing activities with classmates.　　Paul: Soft skills are important, but I don't agree with using classroom time to work on them. I'm not sure how teachers would measure students' progress in developing these skills. If students' progress can't be measured on something being taught, I’m not sure if there's any point to teach them.第四套　　综合写作 水生物阅读听力　　                           主题：　　whether vampire squids are indeed feed on marine snow　　　　1. 海雪生活在深海，吸血鱿鱼会因缺氧而死。深海环境中氧气含量低，吸血鱿鱼如果去到海雪所在的深海区域，会由于无法获得足够的氧气维持生命而死亡，所以认为吸血鱿鱼不以海雪为生。　　　　　　1. 与许多在追逐猎物时需要消耗肌肉能量的海洋捕食者不同，吸血鱿鱼不需要追逐猎物。因为海雪会在最低氧区不断向下流动，所以吸血鱿鱼在深海中生存所需的氧气较少。它们不需要像其他捕食者那样消耗大量氧气去追逐猎物，能够在海雪所在的低氧深海区域生存并以海雪为食。　　　　　　2. 吸血鱿鱼会因捕食者而处于危险之中。在海雪所在的环境中，存在着一些对吸血鱿鱼有威胁的捕食者，吸血鱿鱼在这种环境下进食会面临被捕食的风险，所以不太可能以海雪为生。　　　　　　2. 吸血鱿鱼在静止进食时可以免受危险的威胁。在缺乏光线的深水中，捕食者很难发现颜色较深的吸血鱿鱼。而且，当吸血鱿鱼被捕食者发现时，它们可以在身体表面产生自然光来吓唬捕食者。吸血鱿鱼在以海雪为食时，有一定的自我保护机制来应对捕食者的威胁。　　　　　3. 吸血鱿鱼属于头足类动物群体，它们与其他头足类动物的饮食不同。基于吸血鱿鱼和其他头足类动物饮食上的差异，推测吸血鱿鱼的食物并非海雪。　　　　　　3. 吸血鱿鱼特殊的饮食使它们在与其他动物竞争食物时具有很大的优势。它们生活在海洋中大多数其他动物无法生存的区域。这意味着在海雪所在的区域，吸血鱿鱼面临的食物竞争较少，它们可以更轻松地以海雪为食，而不必担心与其他动物争夺食物资源。　　●学术讨论 教育　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: In our discussion this week, we are going to discuss the subject of course selection during high school. As we all know, education plays a crucial role in shaping our future. Choosing the right courses can be challenging given the variety of options, but there are certainly key courses that could be more beneficial. As students in the secondary school stage, or in high school, which course do you think is the most important and should be made compulsory? And why do you think so?　　Kelly: In my opinion, math should be a compulsory course in high school. Nowadays. People are too reliant on using apps and machines: technological advancements have weakened their math skills in daily life so math should be a compulsory subject. lt is beneficial for students' future financial planning and other arrangements.　　Paul: I would argue that biology should be made compulsory. Biology is very commonly used. Without knowledge of biology. Students might not even know how to use medications. Studying biology helps us with everyday things, like understanding basic health care and making good choices about our environment.第五套　　综合写作  哺乳动物 重复：23.7.15/24.3.2/24.3.16阅读听力　　                           主题：　　whether vampire squids are indeed feed on marine snow　　　　　　1. First, cattle farmers have long argued that prairie dogs should not be protected, because they are agricultural pests. The farmers point out that prairie dogs compete with cattle for grass that cattle graze on. Prairie dogs live in large groups that build networks of burrows underground and feed on the grass above their burrows. The farmers have argued that the loss of grass to prairie dogs creates a real economic problem for them.　　　　　　　　1. First, the idea that the prairie dogs are serious tests is outdated. It originated in the early nineteen hundreds, and it makes sense at that time, but nowadays most of the cows raised in the US do not get their food by grazing freely on the grassland but by being fed processed feed in closed feeding areas. Grass is no longer as precious resource for cattle farmers as it once was. Furthermore, some studies indicate that prairie dog activities actually make the soil in the grasslands more fertile. So the presence of prairie dogs is actually beneficial to the growth of the glasses. 。　　　　　　　　2. Second, prairie dogs may represent a serious health hazard, since they often become infected with plague, a dangerous bacterial disease that can infect people as well. Like many rodents, prairie dogs carry fleas, insects that can transmit the plague bacteria from prairie dogs to humans.　　　　　　　2. Second, it's extremely rare for plague to actually spread from prairie dogs to humans. One reason for this is that the type of flea that lives on the bodies of prairie dogs does not tend to live on human bodies. So the transmission of the plague by flees to humans is extremely unlikely. Let me give you some figures to illustrate how rare it is. In the state of Colorado , only ten people were infected with plagues who contacted with the prairie dogs in the last fifteen years　　　　　　　3. Third, some people argue that prairie dogs do not have enough ecological importance to deserve special protection. According to this argument, it makes much more ecological sense to protect species at the top of the food chain-meat eaters such as wolves or bears-because those animals have a large impact on the balance of the whole ecosystem. Plant eaters like the prairie dogs have a more limited impact, and protecting them would not make much difference to the broader ecosystem.。　　　　　　　　3. Third, prairie dogs do play an important ecological role even though they are just plant eaters. For example, the underground borrows that prairie dogs create present an important habitat for other species. Animals like salamanders and snakes live in those burrows. Also, prairie dogs are a critical food service for dozens of predators. Foxes, coyotes and some rare species of predators as well. So the continued loss of prairie dogs would have a negative impact on many species in the prairie ecosystems.　　学术讨论 教育 重复24.3.2/ 24.8.21下午　　Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: this week we will discuss issues faced by secondary school administrators. I’m referring to schools for teenage students. One such issue is students who change schools. Students change schools for many different reasons, the most common being a family move. On the discussion board, I want you to exchange ideas about what schools can do to make the transition to a new school easier for teenagers.　　Kelly: I think schools should assign new students a fellow student who can help them adjust. The “student buddy” can do things like making sure the new student can find the cafeteria or the right classrooms. For new students, it’s a lot easier to ask a fellow student a question rather than ask a teacher or the principal.　　Paul: I would require new students to sign up for some school club or activity that meets outside of class. That way, new students would have an easy way to meet other students in a friendly environment. It would give them a group to immediately identify with.【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　PC端访问地址>>  托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月23日 15:53

　　2025年4月12日上午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福写作机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的写作考查内容。托福写作机经第一套综合写作   农业阅读听力　　                           主题：农民能否维持香草（vanilla）的种植　　　　1. 存在很多小偷会偷香草，香草豆荚(pods)在成熟前常被偷窃，这对香草种植造成威胁。　　　　　　1.采取了标记原产地的措施，即使豆荚被偷也能追踪，小偷面临 4 年监禁，这使得偷窃率从 80% 大幅降至 20% ，有效解决了盗窃问题。　　　　　　2. 种植香草成本太高，中间商压价且香草价格波动大，导致农民赚不到钱，在香草价格低时农民无力投资农场经营，利润低。　　　　　　2. 农民现在直接与大公司合作，绕开了中间商，公司支付更高价格，并且在市场价低时保障农民 60% 的收入，稳定了农民的投资能力，解决了收入不足的问题。　　　　　　3. 人造香草价格更低，相比之下天然香草在价格上不占优势，人造香草挤压天然香草的市场。　　　　　　3. 虽然人造香草价格便宜，但美国人等消费者不喜欢人造食品，更倾向于天然产品，所以大家不太会去购买人造香草，人造香草销售遇冷，天然香草依然有市场，解决了市场竞争带来的问题。学术讨论【教育】　　社会现象 重复2023.11.11　　Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　· express and support your personal opinion　　· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: With so many opportunities to connect nowadays, some people believe that no matter which country we come from, we have more similarities than we have differences. However, others have observed that differences between themselves and people from other countries are growing. In your view, are differences between people from different countries increasing, or are they diminishing? Why?　　Kelly: I think the differences among us are decreasing as our exposure to products from other countries grows. We can enjoy food from any country. We can watch movies made in far away places. We can go to a store and buy authentic goods from around the world. These things become part of our normal life and make our differences seem smaller.　　Paul: I understand what Andrew is saying, but for some people, being exposed to differences makes them retreat into their own corner even more. Look at social media. We are exposed to many different people and ideas, but a lot of people talk to only those they agree with and ignore the rest. This only makes the differences between people increase.第二套　　综合写作   哺乳动物  重复2024.3.16阅读听力主题：南方居留虎鲸（southern resident orca）数量下降的原因　　　　1.化学污染：工业化学品抑制了虎鲸的繁殖能力，具体是污染形成的多氯联苯堆积抑制了繁殖，因为这类南方居留虎鲸吃鲑鱼，可能通过食物摄入了较多的多氯联苯。　　　　　　1. 这些鲸鱼确实摄入了被称为多氯联苯的化学物质，但尚不清楚这是否会影响它们的繁殖。其他虎鲸群落也生活在该地区。然而，南方居留虎鲸的独特之处在于，它们主要以鲑鱼等鱼类为食。其他群落中的虎鲸主要以较大的猎物为食，如海豹，而那些较大的猎物中多氯联苯的含量实际上高于鱼类。　　　　　　2. 噪音：观赏鲸鱼的船越来越多，引擎的声音让虎鲸不能进行回声定位，影响了虎鲸觅食。　　　　　　2. 研究人员最近研究了来自观鲸船的噪音。他们在鲸鱼身上安装了传感器，测量了噪音。结果发现对鲸鱼来说，船只的噪音并不是很大。　　　　　　3. .细菌感染：存在细菌感染的情况。　　　　　　3. 在鲸鱼呼出的水滴中检测到少量葡萄球菌细菌。但动物可以耐受少量细菌而不生病。我们需要看到呼吸问题或肺部损伤等迹象，但这些鲸鱼很难检查。它们在海洋中自由地游泳。　　工作 重复2024.01.20       Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: This week, we'll be discussing the composition of a work team within a company. A diverse workforce refers to a group of employees of different types. These employees may have different cultures, backgrounds, and even genders. Consider the following question: lf accompany hires a diverse workforce and allows them to work together in the same workplace, what kind of impact will this have on the company's productivity? A positive or negative impact? Why?　　Kelly: I think having a diverse workforce work together in the same workplace can have a positive impact on the company's productivity. By working together, employees can interact with different individuals and have more fun and joyful work experience.　　Paul: I believe that having different employees working together will have a negative impact on the company's productivity, Employees with different cultural backgrounds may misinterpret each other, causing disagreements in viewpoints and approaches. This could lead to a decrease in the company's efficiency.第三套　　综合写作  水生物 重复2022.05.04阅读听力主题：whether vampire squids are indeed feed on marine snow　　　　1. 海雪生活在深海，吸血鱿鱼会因缺氧而死。深海环境中氧气含量低，吸血鱿鱼如果去到海雪所在的深海区域，会由于无法获得足够的氧气维持生命而死亡，所以认为吸血鱿鱼不以海雪为生。　　　　　　1. 与许多在追逐猎物时需要消耗肌肉能量的海洋捕食者不同，吸血鱿鱼不需要追逐猎物。因为海雪会在最低氧区不断向下流动，所以吸血鱿鱼在深海中生存所需的氧气较少。它们不需要像其他捕食者那样消耗大量氧气去追逐猎物，能够在海雪所在的低氧深海区域生存并以海雪为食。　　　　　　2. 吸血鱿鱼会因捕食者而处于危险之中。在海雪所在的环境中，存在着一些对吸血鱿鱼有威胁的捕食者，吸血鱿鱼在这种环境下进食会面临被捕食的风险，所以不太可能以海雪为生。　　　　　　2. 吸血鱿鱼在静止进食时可以免受危险的威胁。在缺乏光线的深水中，捕食者很难发现颜色较深的吸血鱿鱼。而且，当吸血鱿鱼被捕食者发现时，它们可以在身体表面产生自然光来吓唬捕食者。吸血鱿鱼在以海雪为食时，有一定的自我保护机制来应对捕食者的威胁。　　　　　　3. 吸血鱿鱼属于头足类动物群体，它们与其他头足类动物的饮食不同。基于吸血鱿鱼和其他头足类动物饮食上的差异，推测吸血鱿鱼的食物并非海雪。　　　　　　3. 吸血鱿鱼特殊的饮食使它们在与其他动物竞争食物时具有很大的优势。它们生活在海洋中大多数其他动物无法生存的区域。这意味着在海雪所在的区域，吸血鱿鱼面临的食物竞争较少，它们可以更轻松地以海雪为食，而不必担心与其他动物争夺食物资源。       教育 重复2024.01.16　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: In our discussion this week, we are going to discuss the subject of course selection during high school. As we all know, education plays a crucial role in shaping our future. Choosing the right courses can be challenging given the variety of options, but there are certainly key courses that could be more beneficial. As students in the secondary school stage, or in high school, which course do you think is the most important and should be made compulsory? And why do you think so?　　Kelly: In my opinion, math should be a compulsory course in high school. Nowadays. People are too reliant on using apps and machines: technological advancements have weakened their math skills in daily life so math should be a compulsory subject. lt is beneficial for students' future financial planning and other arrangements.　　Paul: I would argue that biology should be made compulsory. Biology is very commonly used. Without knowledge of biology. Students might not even know how to use medications, Studying biology helps us with everyday things, like understanding basic health care and making good choices about our environment.【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　PC端访问地址>>  托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听‍

2025年04月23日 15:37

　　2025年3月22日下午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福口语机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的口语考查内容。托福口语机经TASK 1　　第一套 社会现象　　When a new technological device becomes available, some people will buy it right away, while others will wait until many people have acquired it. Which way do you prefer?【重复2024年9月18日;2020 年 8月 23 日线下原题】　　Sample Answer　　Honestly，when a new product coming out, I would prefer to wait a little bit.　　Because firstly, this can help me to save some money. You know, when a product first　　comes out, it is usually very expensive, but if I can wait for a month or two, the price is　　likely to go down. So in this case, I don’t need to spend that much.　　Besides, I prefer to wait because I would like to wait and read other users reviews. By　　reading their honest opinions I will truly find out whether the product is worth the　　money or not. As a result, I have a better chance to make a safe decision.　　第二套 娱乐生活　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Watching TV is a waste of time. Explain why and give details and examples in your answer.【重复2022年1月19日】　　Sample Answer　　Well, I don’t think watching television is a waste of time.　　First of all, watching TV is a great way for students to relax. Nowadays, students are under heavy workloads. They have tons of academic pressures like they need to deal with their classes, papers, quizzes and so on. If they get chances to watch TV programs, they can become refreshed in order to cope with their stress.　　Also, some TV programs are educational and can help students widen their horizon. For example, there are a lot of educational programs such as historical documentaries and talk shows that allow people to accumulate knowledge. Those things are all helpful for students.　　第三套 教育　　Some people believe that music education in school should focus only on classical and other traditional forms of music. Other people believe that students should also learn about current popular music in school. Which view do you agree with? Use details and examples to explain your opinion.【重复2017年7月15日】　　Sample Answer　　I think music education in school should include both classical music and pop music, because some students may find classical music to be not that relatable. So if they only have access to classical music in class, they may think the classes are pretty tedious. In that case, they won’t pay attention and they may end up learning nothing. Instead, if school also provides education about pop music, students might be more active and more engaged in analyzing the songs and learning the lyrics.　　Besides, learning about both genres gives students a more balanced understanding of music culture. Classical music teaches us about history and complex compositions, while popular music reflects modern culture and influences. Understanding both gives students a complete picture of music culture.　　第四套 教育　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Good teachers admit when they have　　made a mistake or do not know something. Use a specific example to support your point of view.【重复2024年10月26日;2020.11.22 线下原题】　　Sample Answer　　Personally speaking, I totally agree that good teachers should admit mistakes and　　things they do not know. I students’ daily life, they devote most of their time learning　　from their professors, and lots of them see their professors as their role models and　　try to look up to them. As a result, it’s extremely important for professors to be honest　　with their students, and respect knowledge. If a professor pretended to know things　　they have no clue about, they would be misleading young students and passing them　　inaccurate knowledge. So, I believe that a professor should admit mistakes and their　　knowledge blind spot.　　第五套 社会现象　　Some people think historical sites ought to be open to the general public, while some people think historical sites should only be open to experts and researchers. Which opinion do you agree and why? Give specific explanation in your response.【重复2019年9月7日】　　Sample Answer　　Well, personally, I think historical sites should be only open to the experts.　　Because opening the sites to the general public will cause damage to such places. Instead, closing the sites would ensure the protection of the sites so they can be used for research purposes. I mean, some kids may not understand the importance of the sites and they will damage the items by touching or even drawing on the ancient decorations and paintings.　　In addition, restricting access is gonna be more convenient for researchers. Because they can do research anytime they want without having to worry about the museum being packed with tourists. It will be much easier for them to examine and study the items inside the sites more closely.　　That‘s why the city council should close the sites to visitors and only allow researchers in the area.TASK 2　　第一套 学校计划　　阅读　　Children's Swimming Program at Campus Pool　　大学希望为当地的社区去开一个游泳课，因为这样可以有学生志愿者在游泳池给孩子们上游泳课。因为游泳是很好的一种运动方式，孩子们可以从中受益。并且建议把游泳课放在下午，因为孩子们放学之后就可以去。　　听力　　虽然男生觉得这个想法很棒，但是他很难去做志愿者，因为大学生也是需要放学之后才能去，但是那个时候其实游泳池人已经很多了，想游泳都非常难了。当然让孩子们好好锻炼一定是对的，但是有可能游泳不是很合适。可以让这些孩子们练一练跑步，因为旁边有一个公园，孩子们可以去打篮球或者踢足球，就锻炼身体来说或许更好。　　第二套 学生活动　　阅读　　学校取消社团额外资金申请, 强制学生自主规划预算, 建议通过筹款解决资金问题.　　听力　　女生同意　　1.能培养财务规划能力.　　2.举例环保社团通过卖T恤成功筹款, 解决经费又宣传理念.　　第三套 课程变化　　阅读　　学校通知取消系列讲座，因为来参加讲座的同学很少，而招待讲座教授需要花费很多经费。　　听力　　听力不同意：　　· 学校宣传得太少了，没有人知道这个活动。　　· 如果让讲座教授住在宿舍的话可以节省大量经费TASK 3　　第一套 商业　　阅读　　Intellectual Property(知识产权)　　指人们就其智力劳动成果所依法享有的专有权利　　听力　　例子：教授的姐姐有一部小说翻拍成了电影，开拍前需要支付给姐姐一笔版权费。版权费可以激励作者继续创作，也可以投入更多的时间在写作上。　　第二套 生物理论　　阅读　　Costly Signal　　动物选择强健配偶以确保后代健康, 演化出"昂贵信号", 即通过高成本身体特征(如华丽装饰)展示自身强度　　听力　　雄孔雀的艳丽尾羽，沉重尾羽虽妨碍逃跑, 但能负重逃脱天敌的雄性更吸引雌性, 因此这一特征在演化中被保留并强化.　　第三套 心理学　　阅读　　对一个人有misunderstanding, 因为这个人associate with其他人　　听力　　在教授的家乡，人们进行市长选举。他们选择了一个来自声名显赫家庭的人作为市长候选人，原因是这个人的母亲曾经是一位非常优秀的市长。基于这种家庭背景的关联，人们认为他也会是一个好市长，于是选择了他。然而，实际上他在担任市长后表现不佳，这表明人们最初仅仅因为他与优秀的母亲之间的关联，就对他产生了过高的期望，形成了对他个人能力的误解TASK 4　　第一套 生物理论　　讲座主题：物种形成的两种情形(2 situations where speciation may occur)　　1. 物理障碍的形成，举了美国大峡谷的例子，随着峡谷变得越来越深、越来越宽，小型哺乳动物如松鼠穿越它变得困难，所以在峡谷两侧有两种不同的松鼠;　　2. 环境差异　　举了一个植物的例子，山上的植物因气候不同而分别在山顶和山底开花，最终形成两个无法杂交的物种。　　第二套 商业　　讲座主题：商业网络的两个优势(2 advantages of being in a business network)　　商业网络指企业之间基于各种业务关系和合作形成的一种网络结构。在这个网络中，企业可以通过与其他企业的互动、合作和资源共享，实现自身的发展和目标。　　例子：　　1.可以实现资源共享　　2.可以拓展市场　　第三套 生物理论　　水下植物传花粉的两种方式【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　PC端访问地址>>  托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月23日 15:09

　　2025年4月12日上午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福口语机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的口语考查内容。托福口语机经TASK 1　　第一套 社会现象　　When a new technological device becomes available, some people will buy it right away, while others will wait until many people have acquired it. Which way do you prefer?【重复2024年9月18日;2020 年 8月 23 日线下原题】　　Sample Answer　　Honestly，when a new product coming out, I would prefer to wait a little bit.　　Because firstly, this can help me to save some money. You know, when a product first　　comes out, it is usually very expensive, but if I can wait for a month or two, the price is　　likely to go down. So in this case, I don’t need to spend that much.　　Besides, I prefer to wait because I would like to wait and read other users reviews. By　　reading their honest opinions I will truly find out whether the product is worth the　　money or not. As a result, I have a better chance to make a safe decision.　　第二套 娱乐生活　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Watching TV is a waste of time. Explain why and give details and examples in your answer.【重复2022年1月19日】　　Sample Answer　　Well, I don’t think watching television is a waste of time.　　First of all, watching TV is a great way for students to relax. Nowadays, students are under heavy workloads. They have tons of academic pressures like they need to deal with their classes, papers, quizzes and so on. If they get chances to watch TV programs, they can become refreshed in order to cope with their stress.　　Also, some TV programs are educational and can help students widen their horizon. For example, there are a lot of educational programs such as historical documentaries and talk shows that allow people to accumulate knowledge. Those things are all helpful for students.　　第三套 教育　　Some people believe that music education in school should focus only on classical and other traditional forms of music. Other people believe that students should also learn about current popular music in school. Which view do you agree with? Use details and examples to explain your opinion.【重复2017年7月15日】　　Sample Answer　　I think music education in school should include both classical music and pop music, because some students may find classical music to be not that relatable. So if they only have access to classical music in class, they may think the classes are pretty tedious. In that case, they won’t pay attention and they may end up learning nothing. Instead, if school also provides education about pop music, students might be more active and more engaged in analyzing the songs and learning the lyrics.　　Besides, learning about both genres gives students a more balanced understanding of music culture. Classical music teaches us about history and complex compositions, while popular music reflects modern culture and influences. Understanding both gives students a complete picture of music culture.TASK 2　　第一套 学校计划　　阅读　　Children's Swimming Program at Campus Pool　　大学希望为当地的社区去开一个游泳课，因为这样可以有学生志愿者在游泳池给孩子们上游泳课。因为游泳是很好的一种运动方式，孩子们可以从中受益。并且建议把游泳课放在下午，因为孩子们放学之后就可以去。　　听力　　虽然男生觉得这个想法很棒，但是他很难去做志愿者，因为大学生也是需要放学之后才能去，但是那个时候其实游泳池人已经很多了，想游泳都非常难了。当然让孩子们好好锻炼一定是对的，但是有可能游泳不是很合适。可以让这些孩子们练一练跑步，因为旁边有一个公园，孩子们可以去打篮球或者踢足球，就锻炼身体来说或许更好。　　第二套 学生活动　　阅读　　学校取消社团额外资金申请, 强制学生自主规划预算, 建议通过筹款解决资金问题.　　听力　　女生同意　　1.能培养财务规划能力.　　2.举例环保社团通过卖T恤成功筹款, 解决经费又宣传理念.　　第三套 课程变化　　阅读　　学校通知取消系列讲座，因为来参加讲座的同学很少，而招待讲座教授需要花费很多经费。　　听力　　听力不同意：　　· 学校宣传得太少了，没有人知道这个活动。　　· 如果让讲座教授住在宿舍的话可以节省大量经费TASK 3　　第一套 商业　　阅读　　Intellectual Property(知识产权)　　指人们就其智力劳动成果所依法享有的专有权利　　听力　　例子：教授的姐姐有一部小说翻拍成了电影，开拍前需要支付给姐姐一笔版权费。版权费可以激励作者继续创作，也可以投入更多的时间在写作上。　　第二套 生物理论　　阅读　　Costly Signal　　动物选择强健配偶以确保后代健康, 演化出"昂贵信号", 即通过高成本身体特征(如华丽装饰)展示自身强度　　听力　　雄孔雀的艳丽尾羽，沉重尾羽虽妨碍逃跑, 但能负重逃脱天敌的雄性更吸引雌性, 因此这一特征在演化中被保留并强化.　　第三套 心理学　　阅读　　对一个人有misunderstanding, 因为这个人associate with其他人　　听力　　在教授的家乡，人们进行市长选举。他们选择了一个来自声名显赫家庭的人作为市长候选人，原因是这个人的母亲曾经是一位非常优秀的市长。基于这种家庭背景的关联，人们认为他也会是一个好市长，于是选择了他。然而，实际上他在担任市长后表现不佳，这表明人们最初仅仅因为他与优秀的母亲之间的关联，就对他产生了过高的期望，形成了对他个人能力的误解TASK 4　　第一套 生物理论　　讲座主题：物种形成的两种情形(2 situations where speciation may occur)　　1. 物理障碍的形成，举了美国大峡谷的例子，随着峡谷变得越来越深、越来越宽，小型哺乳动物如松鼠穿越它变得困难，所以在峡谷两侧有两种不同的松鼠;　　2. 环境差异　　举了一个植物的例子，山上的植物因气候不同而分别在山顶和山底开花，最终形成两个无法杂交的物种。　　第二套 商业　　讲座主题：商业网络的两个优势(2 advantages of being in a business network)　　商业网络指企业之间基于各种业务关系和合作形成的一种网络结构。在这个网络中，企业可以通过与其他企业的互动、合作和资源共享，实现自身的发展和目标。　　例子：　　1.可以实现资源共享　　2.可以拓展市场【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　PC端访问地址>>  托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月23日 14:42

　　2025年4月12日下午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福听力机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的听力考查内容。托福听力机经　　C-1 作业学习 这篇对话描述了学生在准备关于披萨的学术报告时遇到的困境：虽然选择了一个生活化的主题，但在论证过程中难以找到足够的学术研究支撑。针对学生"披萨原料分析缺乏理论深度"的困惑，教师提出建议：推荐查阅饮食文化类学术期刊;其次建议调整论述维度，将研究重心从烹饪工艺转向社会史视角。　　C-2 社团活动 对话主要发生在学生和教授之间。两人在讨论哪个体育馆适合练习铁人三项。　　C-3 图书馆 这一篇对话是发生于工作人员和学生之间，围绕图书馆的空调系统(heat)展开。工作人员说要温度低一点才能开的久，而男同学觉得这个地方安静才喜欢呆在这的。　　L-1 音乐 这篇讲座重点解析了一种以人声演唱为核心载体的音乐表现形式，其显著特征在于运用具有强烈情感张力的歌词文本作为艺术表达介质。此外，教授还提到有的会追溯古希腊和罗马时期(Greek and Rome)。本来这是很简单，适合社交活动(social activity)，后来随着历史发展变复杂(complicated)了。　　L-2 植物与生态 这篇讲座主要集中在植物学，其中涉及到了猪笼草。　　L-3 历史 这篇文章主要描述了自行车的发展，提到了为更好进行骑行的道路发展。　　L-4 鸟类 本篇讲座主题是鸟的飞行进化。其中一种情况是鸟很轻，骨头是中空的，头也小，肌肉组织少。但是对于俯冲到水里捕食的鸟类，骨头是实心的。另外，鸟骨架是固定的，有助于飞行的稳定性。此外，鸟的胸肌是最发达，最重的。重心低这个特征也利于鸟的飞翔。　　L-5 生物理论 本篇讲座讲了生物特征进化包括昆虫、鸟类以及另一个动物。人们会讨论到不同动物的祖先是不是一种，鳃(gill)，羽毛(feather)之类的特征是有不同。一些动物的爪(finger)有的变长有的变短，而昆虫未成年在水里生活，长大之后就不用鳃了。　　【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月23日 14:24

　　2025年4月12日上午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福听力机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的听力考查内容。托福听力机经　　C-1 课程事务 对话主要发生在一位女学生和教职员工之间。一位女生想要备战6个月后的体育考试，来找教职员工(university employee)聊学校哪几个地方可以训练。　　C-2 作业学习 对话主要发生在学生和教授之间。学生漏了课去找老师，有一个项目(project)的任务要做，他想做自然科学的主题的，老师告诉他查相关的文献。　　L-1 物理 教授讲的是纳米级别的所谓载具(vehicle)，就是像细菌或者分子那么大的机器，用来协助医生诊断或者治疗疾病。这种纳米载具(nanovehicle)跟真正的汽车类似，有轮子(wheels)、方向盘(steering mechanism)和发动机(engine)，其中后两项是这篇文章的重点。在研究发动机时，科学家面临一个问题，那就是nanovehicle把药物送到器官内的特定细胞时需要考虑流体，比如血液的粘稠度。科学家的解决方案是，用一根前面是铂，后面是金的金属棒做nanovehicle，这样金属棒在水和过氧化氢组成的溶液中就会不断分解成质子、电子和氧分子，这时候金属棒一端总会比另一端有更多质子。当带正电的质子从铂一端向金一端移动时，它们会带动被其正电荷吸引的水分子一起移动，从而导致金属棒往前移动。　　这个金属棒由于浸没在燃料中(过氧化氢)，从而不需要油箱。至于转向问题，科学家用的是磁场，具体是利用外部磁铁操作嵌入到金属棒中的镍圆盘来改变磁场，从而让nanovehicle转向。　　L-2 历史 讲了美国联邦制度中双重联邦主义与合作联邦主义的对立与演变。美国宪法将权力分配于中央政府和各州政府之间，但由于宪法文本的灵活性，形成了两种不同观点：双重联邦主义主张中央与州政府权力界限分明，而合作联邦主义则认为中央政府权力可以超越州政府。历史上，最高法院在权力冲突中扮演关键角色，早期裁决多支持州权(如20世纪前)，但仍有例外案例(如1819年麦卡洛克案和1824年吉本斯案)承认中央权力。20世纪30年代经济大萧条后，由于各州无力应对危机，最高法院转向支持中央政府扩权(如1935年劳工法)，推动合作联邦主义成为主流。然而，两种联邦主义的持续张力防止了权力过度集中，保持了美国政治体系的动态平衡。　　L-3 音乐 作曲家会根据音乐表演的物理空间(如音乐厅、教堂、户外等)的特点来创作音乐。例如，户外空间适合节奏强烈的鼓乐，而石墙和高天花板的教堂则适合管风琴音乐，因为回声能增强长音和简单节奏的效果。不同的建筑结构会影响音乐的风格和形式，从而形成特定的音乐传统。历史上，听众在音乐会中可以自由交谈、鼓掌甚至喊叫，直到20世纪初才逐渐形成保持安静的习惯。这种变化使得音乐能够包含更多动态变化(如强弱对比)，因为轻柔的段落也能被清晰地听到。录音技术、广播等现代科技成为新的“表演空间”，同样影响了音乐创作。例如，麦克风的出现使歌手能够表现更细腻的情感，推动了亲密风格的人声音乐的发展。 新技术的出现不断为音乐创作带来新的可能性和风格。虽然外部因素(如空间、技术)对音乐创作有重要影响，但它们并不完全决定音乐的形式。作曲家仍能利用这些限制或条件作为创作灵感，展现创造力。　　L-4 心理学 这篇讲座探讨了儿童(包括婴儿)在早期发展阶段就展现出推理和归纳能力。教授通过两个实验研究说明了这一现象。第一个实验展示了儿童的统计推理能力。研究人员准备了一个主要装有红色球的盒子，却从中连续取出四个白球和一个红球。由于白球出现频率更高，儿童会自然地推断盒子里应该以白球为主。当盒子打开后显露出大量红球时，儿童表现出明显的惊讶反应。这种惊讶反应是通过特殊设备测量的——研究人员发现儿童会延长注视时间，这表明他们对意外结果产生了强烈兴趣。第二个实验则展示了儿童的类比推理能力。当研究人员向儿童展示一个新玩具并演示玩法后，再给他们一个类似的新玩具时，儿童能够将之前学到的玩法迁移到新玩具上。这种举一反三的能力充分体现了儿童出色的归纳学习能力。儿童与成人的主要区别在于注意力的分配方式：成人往往能保持高度专注，而儿童的注意力则更为分散，容易受到多种刺激的影响。这种差异并不影响儿童展现惊人的认知能力，只是反映了不同发展阶段的特点。　　【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月23日 14:17

　　2025年4月12日下午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福阅读机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的阅读考查内容。托福阅读机经　　两栖/爬行 Two kinds of lizards　　第一段：段落一描述了蜥蜴根据觅食方式可以分为两种类型:等待型觅食者和主动觅食者。等待型觅食者会停留在一个地方，从那里观察并快速捕捉移动的昆虫，如甲虫和虫。而主动觅食者则会在地面上四处活动，探索潜在的猎物，如白蚁，它们更多地依赖化学信号来寻找猎物。这种不同的觅食行为导致了即使在同一栖息地，两种蜥蜴的食物选择也会有所不同。　　第二段：段落二讨论了不同觅食方式如何影响蜥蜴在捕食者面前的暴露度。等待型觅食者因为大部分时间静止不动而相对不显眼，而主动觅食者则因为频繁移动而容易被捕食者发现。因此，等待型觅食者更容易被主动搜索的捕食者发现，而主动觅食者则更容易被等待型捕食者捕获。这种差异在食物链的不同层级上也有所体现，形成了捕食者与被捕食者之间复杂的互动关系。　　第三段：段落三描述了等待型觅食者和主动觅食者在身体形态和颜色上的不同，这些差异反映了它们各自所承受的选择压力。等待型觅食者通常具有粗壮的身体、较短的尾巴，并且颜色与周围环境相匹配，这些特征有助于它们在静止时隐藏自己。而主动觅食者则通常身体细长、尾巴较长，并且常具有条纹图案，这些特征在它们移动时可能产生视觉错觉。然而，不同觅食模式的蜥蜴在逃避捕食者的一种机制上并无差异，即都能在被捕食者抓住时断尾逃生。　　第四段：段落四探讨了支持不同觅食模式的生理特征。等待型觅食者和主动觅食者在能量需求和代谢方式上有所不同。等待型觅食者依靠无氧代谢进行短暂的快速移动，而无氧代谢虽能快速合成 ATP但不适合持续活动，因为肌糖原迅速耗尽且乳酸会抑制细胞代谢，因此，依赖无氧代谢的蜥蜴只能进行短时间的冲刺，持续运动时会感到疲惫。相反，主动觅食者则依赖有氧代谢，利用循环系统输送的葡萄糖进行长时间的活动，其产生的二氧化碳和水可通过循环系统排出。因此，主动觅食者能够持续活动而不感到疲惫。这种差异在蜥蜴的生理特征上也有所体现，如主动觅食者的心脏更大，血液中红细胞更多，每次心跳泵送的血液和输送给组织的氧气也更多。　　重复2020.08.19　　历史 Writing in Ancient Greece　　第一段：古埃及和美索不达米亚的识字仅限于书记员和官员，但古希腊的识字范围较广早在公元前八世纪，希腊人发明了最早的真正字母表，包含元音和辅音符号。希腊人从腓尼基人那里借鉴了只包含辅音的字母表，并添加了五个元音符号，使得学习阅读和书写更为容易。希腊士兵在公元前593年在埃及阿布辛贝留下了涂鸦，显示出希腊社会的识字程度逐渐提高。　　第二段：公元前六世纪，雅典统治者希帕尔科斯在城市通道上立石碑，自我宣传，这表明当时有相当比例的人口具备识字能力。雅典的放逐制度要求至少6000名男性公民在陶片上书写放逐对象的名字，这进一步说明了识字的普及。　　第三段：古希腊的高度政治和文化讨论基于书面交流，尽管希腊文化对书写持怀疑态度。希腊文化中的口头交流仍然占据重要地位，政治、法律和哲学讨论主要通过面对面对话进行，书面文件的使用并未广泛普及。希腊城市国家独立运作，无需政府支持的书记员系统。　　第四段：柏拉图在公元前四世纪的著作《费德罗斯》和《第七封信》中总结了希腊对书写的反对意见。苏格拉底在《费德罗斯》中指出书写削弱记忆，使学习者依赖外部书面文字，造成知识的肤浅。他批评书面文本无法回答问题，容易被误解或扭曲，认为书写有其用处，但也存在显著缺陷。　　这些概括涵盖了文章的主要内容，包括古希腊识字的普及、书写的社会作用以及对书写的文化态度。　　植物与生态 The Jack Pine and Fire　　第一段：当地的加拿大松树具有多种特质，使其能够与火灾共存。首先，类似许多针叶树，它的低枝会随着树木的生长逐渐枯死并脱落，这样可以防止火势沿着树干往上蔓延。松树的针叶富含树脂，在火灾可能发生的春夏干旱季节，树木往往水分较少，因而易燃，但燃烧速度快。此外，松树的树皮多为薄片状，能迅速燃烧，对树木造成的损害较小，这点与澳大利亚桉树的树皮有些类似。这些特质使得松树在火灾后能够保护自身不受严重损害。　　第二段：累积在地面上的松树树皮可能导致春夏季节的火灾非常激烈。然而，松树表现出极强的抗逆性，往往是第一个在火灾后重新生长的树种。夏季的热火灾会彻底烧毁地表的枯叶和土壤中的有机物，留下裸露的矿质土壤。松树能够在这样的土壤中良好发芽生长它们喜欢明亮的阳光和开阔的空间。　　第三段：讲述了年轻的松树通常在第四到第五年就开始结实。这在树木的标准下算是早熟。为什么它们如此早熟?这是因为森林火灾往往会留下大量的可燃物，有时第二场火灾会很快接踵而至。因此，在可能发生第二场火灾之前，散布一些种子似乎是一个明智的选择。　　第四段：重复了第三段的内容，讨论了年轻松树早期结实的松果和它们在火灾频发环境中的适应性反应。　　第五段：介绍了松树的松果和种子是如何在火灾中适应的。松果非常坚硬，其鳞片由树脂胶结在一起，只有美洲红松鼠会啃食这种松果，其他生物都不会。这些松果可以长时间保存在树上，其内的种子仍然具有生存能力。在某项研究中，20多年的松果种子中有一半以上能够发芽。这些松果只有在火灾后才会打开释放种子，因为需要约50°C的热量来融化封锁鳞片的树脂。火灾清除了地面虎哥的有机物和竞争者后，为松树种子创造了理想的生长条件，因此它们的生长速度非常快，一个亩地可能会散布上千万株松树。　　音乐 0pera in Seventeenth-Century Venice　　这篇文章讲述了歌剧从私人宫廷演出到公众表演的演变过程。歌剧起源于意大利的宫廷音乐，在16世纪末诞生，最初是由宫廷音乐家为贵族的私人庆典(如婚礼、出生和军事胜利等)创作的。克劳迪奥·蒙特威尔第的职业生涯很好地展示了这一变化的过程。他在图亚宫廷创作了开创性的歌剧《奥菲欧》，以展示宫廷的财富和地位。1613年，蒙特威尔第移居威尼斯，遇到了一个完全不同的环境:威尼斯作为一个共和国，没有单一的统治家庭，因此无法继续以宫廷歌剧的形式演出。然而，威尼斯作为重要的商业中心，吸引了大量外国商人和贵族，对娱乐的需求极高。1637年，一家巡回歌剧公司首次将歌剧带到威尼斯，引发了当地对歌剧的浓厚兴趣，促使他们建立歌剧院，并通过订阅制售票。尽管歌剧开始成为定期上演的商业活动，但观众依然主要是特权阶层，票价高昂。歌剧逐渐转向历史题材，描绘了更具人性化的角色，且编排上更加经济实惠。蒙特威尔第在他的歌剧《波佩亚的加冕》中吸收了这些新趋势。此外，威尼斯的歌剧逐渐形成了类似现代明星系统的现象。歌手的表现对歌剧的成功至关重要，演员如安娜·伦齐成为当时的明星，其薪资通常高于作曲家，他们的名字也在宣传材料中更为显著。　　重复2024.5.11　　生物理论 The Cost of Venom　　Venom, a poisonous substance that is produced by some animals and injected into an enemy or prey mainly by biting or stinging, is clearly an advantage for defense or hunting. But it is an expensive resource. Replenishing empty venom glands can greatly diminish an animal's energy supply. Even though the venom supply in snakes makes up only a tiny fraction of their weight, refilling venom glands after use can increase a snake's metabolic (energy use)rate by more than 20 percent. The cost of using venom is not restricted to the direct metabolic cost of replenishing it, however. Spending venom can result in temporary disarmament, so that, for instance, a predatory spider lacking its venom becomes defenseless prey. The speed of refueling venom glands varies considerably between groups. It can take theraphosid spiders-a group of mostly large and hairy spiders popularly known as tarantulas or bird-eating spiders-as long as 85 days to finish reloading their glands, while the tiny caterpillar-killing parasitoid wesp Bracon brevicornis can reload its glands in less than three hours. The North American centipede regenerates about 85 percent of its venom volume within two days.　　The great cost of venom, direct or indirect, is also indicated by the phenomenon of 'venom metering"(monitoring the amount of venom used). Snakes can control the amount of venom they release so they do not use more than is necessary. A larger, more dangerous, or more agile prey receives a larger dose of venom to ensure it is subdued effectively. Although venom metering has been poorly studied in spiders, researchers know that they are also able to make decisions about when and how much venom to deliver. The Central American hunting spider injects more venom into larger prey. When dealing with prey that have body armor, such as beetles, and the armor prevents the spider from injecting venom into an optimal location, the spider also increases the dose. Remarkably, this spider can also distinguish prey that are more or less sensitive to its venom (crickets and cockroaches respectively) purely on the basis of smell, and choose the more vulnerable prey when its venom glands are depleted.　　Venom is not just metered during prey capture. Snakes, scorpions, and spiders also show defensive venom metering. Females of the western black widow spider, for example, can adjust the amount of venom in their defensive bites depending on the threat level. Squeezing the spider's body provokes her to deliver almost twice the dose of venom than if her leg is pinched. Even so, more than half of her defensive bites contain no detectable venom at all. The defensive bites of some snakes and the defensive stings of scorpions can likewise be less costly. The South African thick-tail scorpion initially stings predators with a transparent prevenom that is poor in proteins but rich in pain-inducing potassium ions. The scorpion releases its milky venom, which is more protein rich and toxic-but also more expensive to produce-only when its prevenom fails to do the job.　　The cost of venom does not only affect how venoms evove: it can also cause a loss of toxins. Some specialist venomous predators that have evolved to feed on only a limited number of species have streamlined their venoms by losing toxin types that are no longer useful. This removes the cost of producing obsolete toxins. Sea snakes, for example, have relatively simple venoms compared to their terrestrial relatives, with the venom consisting of only a few neurotoxins that effectively immobilize their fish prey. In a fascinating case of convergent evolution (in which species not closely related independently evolve similar traits), the venoms of sea kraits, which are related to sea snakes but independently adopted a marine fish- eating lifestyle, have undergone the same streamlining. In fact, the venom of sea kraits is so similar to that of sea snakes that it can be effectively neutralized by sea snake antivenom. Venom is such an expensive commodity that it is discarded if its ecological importance disappears. When the marbled sea snake switched to a diet consisting exclusively of fish eggs, it did not simply lose a few toxin types. It lost its venom, fangs, and even its venom gland.　　气象气候 Azolla and Climate in the Arctic and Europe　　北极和欧洲的气候在地质时间中发生了波动。环绕北极的北冰洋并不总是寒冷和结冰的，大约4900万年前，它更像今天欧洲东南部的黑海--在较浅的水层下缺氧并且非常咸--尽管北冰洋当时比今天的黑海更热带。这也是一个强降雨的时期，随着新大陆地形的形成导致北冰洋与海洋其他部分的联系更加隔绝，河流的径流开始聚集在它的上层，这些水被冲淡到一定程度时，一种叫做水蕹菜的水生植物可以在那里生长。　　重复2024.11.2　　历史 The Medieval Agricultural Revolution　　哲学 Economic Reasoning　　经济学有个基本假设，认为人类行为是理性的，人们总是追求自身利益最大化。在生活中，常能看到一些看似不理性的行为，比如名人代言的产品，质量并未因代言而提升，销量却大幅增长，但经济学家不会轻易放过这些现象，他们会像物理学家探索异常物理现象一样，努力挖掘背后隐藏的理性逻辑。科学家在面对与现有理论相悖的现象时，比如出现重力定律无法解释的情况，明智的做法是尝试将新发现的事实与现有理论相融合。这个过程，既能锻炼科学家的思维能力，促使他们深入思考，还有可能带来意外突破，发现新的科学规律。要是过早抛弃已被验证的成功理论，很可能导致知识体系出现断层，阻碍科学进步。回顾历史，在众多农业社会中，农民的土地大多是分散的小块，而非集中的大片。以前，人们觉得这是效率低下的表现，可深入研究后发现，这其实是农民的一种风险管理策略。遇到洪水、干旱等局部灾害时，分散的小块土地能降低损失风险，不至于让所有庄稼都毁于一旦，保证家庭有一定收成。经济学家和历史学家 Deirdre McCloskey 指出，农民分散农田的行为，并非缺乏效率，而是一种类似购买保险的。　　重复2025.3.15【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月23日 14:12

　　2025年4月12日上午场的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福阅读机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的阅读考查内容。托福阅读机经　　生物理论 The First eye　　将眼睛首次出现的日期确定下来取决于一个人对眼睛的定义。加拿大的伯吉斯页岩留存了软体生物化石，部分化石呈现出眼睛结构，比如类似甲壳类的茎眼、三叶虫的多面复眼，还有具有五眼结构的奥帕比尼亚。鉴于伯吉斯动物的眼睛已较为复杂，可推测眼睛的起源时间更早，大致在寒武纪大爆发开始的6亿年前到伯吉斯动物出现的5.3亿年前之间。如果这个术语指的是一个多细胞器官，即使它只有几个细胞，那么根据定义，在出现多细胞动物之前，眼睛不可能形成。　　但许多原生生物(类似于动物、植物或真菌的单细胞生物，需要水基环境)可以通过聚集色素分子来检测光，它们利用这些信息来调节其代谢活动或运动性(自发和独立移动的能力)。一个熟悉的生物例子，可能任何上过生物课的人都知道，是水生原生动物Euglena，它在游动鞭毛(毛发状结构)附近有一个眼点。一些原生生物非常像它们嵌入古代沉积岩中的祖先形态，这种相似性表明，检测光线并响应光线改变行为的能力已经存在了很长时间。动物就是从这样的单细胞生物中进化而来的，也许是从一种已经专门用于原始视觉的单细胞生物中进化而来的。　　重复真题： 2025.03.15　　生态环保 measuring climate change on mountains　　气候变化与地球大气中的温室气体有关，这些温室气体允许阳光到达地球表面，同时捕获它释放的红外能量。虽然最丰富的温室气体是水蒸气，但人类活动对其总体浓度只有很小的直接影响，其停留时间(在大气中停留的时间)仅为9天。其他主要温室气体是二氧化碳和甲烷，自18世纪中叶以来，它们在大气中的浓度一直在增加，这主要是由于化石燃料的燃烧、森林的砍伐和其他土地利用的变化。自1958年起，对夏威夷莫纳罗亚火山进行连续监测，结果显示二氧化碳浓度从317ppm上升到了400ppm，这有力地证实了全球变暖。国际冰川监测计划于1894年启动，监测数据表明冰川正在加速退缩，主要原因是气温上升以及黑碳沉积，黑碳会吸收辐射，从而加速冰川融化。瑞士阿尔卑斯山的植物学家发现，从20世纪初到1990年代，山顶植物物种数量显著增加，这一现象与区域气候变暖密切相关。　　重复真题： 2024.09.14 ;2025.04.12　　历史类 Maya Population in the Classic Period　　本文探讨古典玛雅时期(300–900年)人口估算的争议与方法。考古学家通过住宅群遗迹推测人口规模，但存在两大分歧：1)家庭结构假设差异——部分学者以每栋建筑居住4-10人的核心家庭为标准(均取5.6人)，但实际可能因地区、时代或社会阶层而异，富裕家庭或低密度区可能人均空间更大，且部分建筑可能用于祭祀、仓储等非居住功能，导致高估风险;2)遗迹识别局限——未建在石基上的"隐形建筑"易被忽略，需通过随机勘测修正，否则会造成低估。尽管估算方法不一，证据显示古典玛雅城市人口密度惊人(如蒂卡尔可能超10万人)，城郊区域达200人/平方公里，且聚落连续分布，难以明确城乡界限。部分中心城市(如卡拉克穆尔)通过道路网络运输粮食，并利用水库和井解决供水问题，支撑了高密度聚居。　　重复真题：2024.03.10　　哺乳动物 Adaptations of Marine Mammals　　温血海洋哺乳动物和鸟类需要一些特殊的适应性，才能使它们生活在海洋环境中。一套重要的适应性主要与维持动物体温有关。水的热导率比空气高，这意味着水能迅速从温暖的物体中吸收热量。人类在水温高达80华氏度(27摄氏度)的水中停留很短的时间后就会感到寒冷;而在相同温度的空气中，他们可以无限期地保持舒适。海洋哺乳动物相对于周围的水保持较高的体温，必须进行适应性调整，以防止身体热量流失。根据伯格曼规则，它们体型增大，像北极熊、海獭是同类物种中体型最大的，以此降低表面积与体积的比值。海獭拥有厚密的毛层，每平方厘米约有15万根毛发，能锁住空气起到隔热作用，不过潜水时这种隔热效果会失效;北极熊则主要依赖脂肪层。按照艾伦法则，寒冷地区的动物肢体较短，比如海獭的鼻子钝、尾巴短，通过缩短附肢来减少热量散失。　　天文学 Tidal Heating on lo　　要了解潮汐加热，我们必须回到旅行者1号和旅行者2号双星探测器近距离飞掠月球的时候。月球是木星最接近的卫星。旅行者1号和旅行者2号都把飞掠月球作为首要任务，因为5年前美国另一艘探测器先驱者11号飞掠月球时，曾暗示月球表面色彩鲜艳，但性质不明。天文学家们对此很感兴趣，于是设计了两艘旅行者探测器的飞行轨道，使它们能够飞掠月球。当旅行者探测器传回高分辨率图像时，它们揭示了一个活跃的世界，但与冰质但活跃的邻近卫星欧罗巴不同，这颗卫星很热。 月球是火山学家的梦想世界。月球上布满了火山口和高耸的山脉喷发羽流和熔岩流会从中冒出，被硫氧化物染成黄色和红色。值得注意的是，月球表面似乎没有单一的撞击坑，这表明月球表面不断被火山活动更新。月球上有很多能量。【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听

2025年04月23日 14:09

　　2025年3月29日的托福考试已经成为回忆，新东方在线SAT考试网为大家整理了此次考试的托福写作机经，让我们一起来回顾和分析这次的写作考查内容。托福写作机经第一套综合写作   生态环保阅读听力　　                           主题：计划火灾（prescribed burning）是否有害　　　　1 对动物有害(harmful to animals)，年幼的动物(young animals)来不及逃走。　　　　　　会在特殊的时段(at special times)进行，不在繁殖期(breeding season)进行，这段时间没有年幼动物，而成年动物可以逃走的很快(Adult animals can escape quickly)。　　　　　　产生二氧化碳(generate carbon dioxide)，引起污染(cause pollution)和温室效应(greenhouse effect)。　　　　　2. 燃烧面积小(The burning area is small)，不会有很多烟雾(not much smoke will be produced)，而且树木会吸收二氧化碳，会很快被吸掉(Trees can absorb carbon dioxide quickly)。　　　　　　3.火势可能无法控制(the fire may be out of control)，花更多钱和精力去治理(require more money and effort to control)。　　　　　对森林有好处(beneficial to the forest)，可以清除一些材料比如枯树(remove materials such as dead trees)，这些东西更容易引起火灾(These things are more likely to cause fires)。学术讨论学术讨论 社会现象 重复 23.7.26/23.10.29/24.10.30　　Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　· express and support your personal opinion　　· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: Let's continue talking about consumer behavior. We have been discussing different ways people go about choosing what products to buy, and there are many potential sources of information and advice for consumers. In your opinion, which is the better strategy for making purchasing decisions, relying on advice from friends and family, or depending on information from online sources? Why?　　Claire: Asking friends and family members for product recommendations might seem like an easier option, but it might take too much time to get all the information you need. An internet search would be much more efficient. There are many consumer magazines available online that compile lots of data to compare the advantages and disadvantages of one product versus another.　　Paul: The last time l bought a computer, l just watched a few videos online to make a decision, and now l regret that. My friends could have advised me better because they know my preferences and the kind of features that l am interested in. Consumers should get advice from the people around them to find the most suitable products.第二套　　综合写作   水生物阅读听力主题：Menhaden 鱼数量减少，政府是否应减少捕鱼企业捕捞作　　　应该减少条纹鲈(striped bass)这种鱼，因为它们主要捕食Menhaden鱼。 　　　　　　减少条纹鲈会对整个生态系统(ecosystem)带来破坏影响。　　　　　　Menhaden鱼是蛋白质来源，减少这种鱼对家禽(poultry)和家畜(livestock)都有影响。　　　　　大豆(soybean)也可以提供蛋白质，并且更加经济实用。　　　　　　限制捕捞会带来经济问题(economic problems)。　　　　　　限制捕捞会带来失业及经济损失，但一段时间后可以恢复。如不采取行动，整个地区很快遭受影响。　　●学术讨论‍  社会现象  重复24.9.21上午场       Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: In today's world, we have various ways to stay informed about current events. Traditional sources like television and newspapers have long been trusted by many, providing detailed and well-researched news. However. with the rise of social media. an increasing a number of people are turning to these platforms for quick and accessible updates. Which do you think is a better source of news: traditional outlets like television and newspapers, or social media?　　Kelly: I believe social media is a better source of news because it provides quick updates. For example, during breaking news events, social media platforms often deliver information faster than traditional outlets like newspapers or television. This immediate access allows people to stay informed in real. time　　Paul: I think traditional news sources are better because they tend to be more accurate. Television, for instance, not only provides well-researched reports but also offers visuals that help viewers understand the story better. Social media might be faster, but it often lacks the depth and verification traditional sources provide.　　范文：　　I prefer getting news from traditional sources, such as television and newspapers, primarily because they provide reliable information and in-depth analysis. Unlike social media platforms, where anyone can post without fact-checking, traditional media rely on professional journalists and experienced editors to ensure the accuracy of their reports. This process gives me confidence in the news I consume and helps me gain a full understanding of the events. For example, after the Wenchuan earthquake in China, numerous users on social media spread false stories and edited photos, causing public panic. However, professional journalists, who traveled with the rescue teams, provided clear and accurate reports, reassuring people that the government was actively responding and thousands of lives were being saved. This stark contrast demonstrates how traditional media play a crucial role in providing trustworthy news during crises. In conclusion, traditional media, with their professional standards, offer a more reliable source of information than social platforms.第三套　　综合写作   考古学阅读听力 主题：Pompeii and Herculaneum消亡的原因　　　　One problem is wild birds damaging works of art contained within the towns' structures. Ancient Romans created paintings on walls, and the ash covering Pompeii and Herculaneum preserved the paintings in excellent condition until the 1700s. However, now that the towns have been excavated, birds such as pigeons gather on the towns' walls and leave droppings. The droppings are acidic and cause paint to deteriorate, damaging the irreplaceable wall paintings.　　　　　　　　First, some archaeologists have proposed a clever way of protecting the ancient works of art from damage caused by pigeon drops. Birds of prey, such as hawks hunt other birds. Now, hawks can be trained by human trainers. The trained hawks could be brought upon pay and Herculaneum on a regular basis. Once there, the hawks would fly around the area, establishing a territory. When pigeons notice that hawks are present at these sites, they will be too afraid to stay there and will avoid the sites.　　　　　　　　A second problem is damage caused by human tourists. Most tourists are respectful about preserving the sites when they visit, but less responsible tourists deliberately steal chunks of the ancient walls to take home as souvenirs. Others write graffiti on the towns' buildings. Both sites have security guards, but there are not enough of them to monitor all the tourists. Hiring enough guards to protect every wall and building would be impossibly expensive.　　　　　　　　Second, there is a more affordable way to monitor tourist activities and hire additional expensive security guards. All around the world there are history enthusiasts. People who just love history and are willing to do educational work at historical sites for little or no money. Such enthusiasts could be hired very inexpensively, in great numbers for Pompeii and Herculaneum. They could serve as guides, act out scenes from the daily lives of ancient Romans, or do other educational work, and here's the key. These same enthusiasts educating the public could also keep a watchful eye on tourists to help prevent theft and graffiti.　　　　　　　　Third, the buildings of Pompeii and Herculaneum have experienced structural failures. Although many of the buildings remained standing under the ash for nearly 2,000 years, they began to collapse when the ash was removed. In the early 1900s, engineers tried to prevent building collapses at these ancient sites by installing cement supports. The supports, however, have not worked well, and the structures continue to fall down.　　　　　　　　Third, earlier attempts to build supports for the collapsing buildings were unsuccessful. But today's engineers know why. The cement supports used in the early nineteen hundreds actually contributed to the problem instead of preventing it. This happened because the cement used to build the old supports contained harmful chemicals. When the cement got wet, the chemicals were transferred to the ancient walls which damaged those walls. Fortunately, engineers are now removing the old, low quality cement supports and replacing them with new supports that have a much safer composition.　　●学术讨论 环保　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.　　In your response, you should　　·express and support your personal opinion　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.　　Doctor Achebe: Short flight 是否应该被ban，推荐使用火车座位交通方式　　Kelly: 暂缺　　Paul: 暂缺【免费领取托福机经完整版】【托福备考公开课免费领取】　　PC端访问地址>>  托福|SAT|AP|KET课程免费试听‍

2025年04月23日 14:04