为了方便同学们的学习，新东方在线新概念英语网为大家整理了新概念英语第四册学习手册，新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。希望以下内容能够为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!新概念英语第四册学习手册Lesson1：Finding fossil manLesson2：Spare that spiderLesson3：Matterhorn manLesson4：Seeing handsLesson5：YouthLesson6：The sporting spiritLesson7：BatsLesson8：Trading standardsLesson9：Royal espionageLesson10：Silicon valleyLesson11：How to grow oldLesson12：Banks and their customersLesson13：The search for oilLesson14：The Butterfly EffectLesson15：Secrecy in industryLesson16：The modern cityLesson17：A man-made diseaseLesson18：PorpoisesLesson19：The stuff of dreamsLesson20：Snake poisonLesson21：William S. Hart and the 'Western' filmLesson22：Knowledge and progressLesson23：Bird flightLesson24：BeatuyLesson25：Non-auditory effects of noiseLesson26：The past life of the earthLesson27：The 'Vasa'Lesson28：Patients and doctorsLesson29：The hovercraftLesson30：Exploring the sea-floorLesson31：The sculptor speaksLesson32：Galileo rebornLesson33：EducationLesson34：AdolescenceLesson35：Space odysseyLesson36：The cost of governmentLesson37：The process of ageingLesson38：Water and the travellerLesson39：What every writer wantsLesson40：WavesLesson41：Training elephantsLesson42：Recording an earthquakeLesson43：Are there strangers in space?Lesson44：Patterns of cultureLesson45：Of men and galaxiesLesson46：HobbiesLesson47：The great escapeLesson48：Planning a share portfolio 

2015年11月17日 10:37

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(23)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 28 　　Patients and doctors病人与医生 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor? 　　This is a sceptical age， but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened， our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same a theirs. This modern faith in medicines is proved the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine， a box of pills， or a small jar of ointment， and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients then by giving them what they are asking for， and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet， right living， and the need for abandoning bad habits etc.， the bottle， the box， and the jar are almost always granted them. 　　Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who was such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained， of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering， and of what had previously been wrong with his wife， but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another， and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend， he hastened to Henry Taylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help， but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste， and that is what all patients demand of their doctors —— to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves. 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　sceptical adj. 怀疑的forefathers n. 祖先fervently adv. 热情地curative adj. 治病的astronomical adj. 天文学的tangible adj.实实在在的remedy n. 药物ointment n. 药膏prescribe v. 开药方indisposition n. 小病inconvenience n. 令人讨厌的inconvenience n. 不便 　　参考译文 　　这是一个怀疑一切的时代，可是虽然我们对我们祖先笃信的许多事物已不太相信，我们对瓶装药品疗效的信心仍与祖辈一样坚定。卫生部门的处度药费上升到了天文数字，并且目前尚无停止上升的迹象，这个事实证实了现代人对药物的依赖。在医院门诊部看病的大多数人觉得，如果不能带回一些看得见、摸得着的药物，如一瓶药水，一盒药丸、一小瓶药膏回家的话，就没算得到了充分的治疗。负责门诊的医生也非常乐意为前来看病的人提供他们想要得到的药物，病人要什么就给什么，没有比这样处理病人更快的方法了。因为卫生部门的大多数医生超负荷工作，所以没有多少时间提出一些既费时而又不受人欢迎的忠告，如注意饮食、生活有规律，需要克服坏习惯等等，结果就是把瓶药、盒药、罐药开给看病的人而完事大吉。 　　并不只是那些无知和没受过良好教育的人才迷信药瓶子。据说托马斯。卡莱尔有过这么一件事：他听说朋友亨利。泰勒病了，就立刻跑去看他，衣袋里装上了他妻子不舒服时吃剩下的一瓶药。卡莱尔不知道药瓶子里装的是什么药，不知道他的朋友得的是什么病，也不知道妻子以前得的是什么病，只知道一种药对一种病有好处，肯定对另一种病也会有好处。想到能对朋友有所帮助，他感到很欣慰，于是急急忙忙来到了亨利。泰勒的家里，他的朋友是否接受了他的药物治疗，历史没有记载，但很可能接受了。服药的最大优点是：除了暂时忍受一下令人作呕的味道外，对服药人别无其他要求。这也正是病人对医生的要求 —— 病要治好，但不要太麻烦。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(23)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月31日 08:12

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(22)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 27 　　The 'Vasa'“瓦萨”号 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched? 　　From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden， the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa， royal flagship of the great imperial fleet. 　　King Gustavus Adolphus， 'The Northern Hurricane'， then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War， had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden. 　　As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10， 1628， Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods， demons， knights， kings， warriors， mermaids， cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with rea and gold and blue， symbols of courage， power， and cruelty， were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day. 　　Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As the emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow， her flags colour， she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them. 　　As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement， listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list， but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore， as cargo， ballast， ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. In that first glorious hour， the mighty Vasa， which was intended to rule the Baltic， sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth. ROY SAUNGERS The Raising of the 'Vasa' from The Listener 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　galleon n. 大型帆船Stockholm n. 斯德哥尔摩flagship n. 旗舰imperial adj. 帝国的hurricane n. 飓风armament n. 军械triple adj. 三层的mount v. 架有bronze n. 青铜cannon n. 加农炮 　　参考译文 　　1628年，一艘大帆船在处女航时就沉没了，这个从容不迫7世纪瑞典帝国流传至今的故事无疑是航海史上最离奇的事件之一。这艘大船在斯德哥尔摩港口的海底躺了将近几年来个世纪之后，直到1956年才被发现。这就是“瓦萨”号，帝国大舰的皇家旗舰。 　　当时号称“北方飓风”的国王古斯夫斯。阿道尔弗正处在“三十年战争”的军事鼎盛阶段，他亲自规定了这艘船的规模和武器配备。3层的火炮甲板上装着眼点4门青铜加农炮，目的就是要在不断增长的瑞典势力中起主导作用。 　　1628年8月10日，“瓦萨”号准备首航时，斯德哥尔摩一片欢腾。人们从斯开波斯布朗和周围的岛屿前来观着这艘美丽的战船扬帆起航，乘风前进。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成这件水上艺术品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，装饰得都更加华丽。高耸的船楼上雕刻了令人眼花缭乱的神仙、妖魔、骑士、国王、武士、美人鱼和小天使，还有用红色、金黄色、蓝色绘制的光彩夺目的兽形图案，象征着勇敢、力量和残暴，以激起汉时崇尚迷信的水手们的想像。 　　这时，停泊在港口的其他战船向“瓦萨”号鸣炮致礼，“瓦萨”号也鸣炮回礼。当“瓦萨”号从弥漫的礼炮烟云中出现时，船头下浪花加溅，舰旗迎风招展，三角旗随风飘动，微风鼓起风帆，金碧辉煌的船楼闪耀着灿烂的色彩。“瓦萨”号展现的壮观景象是斯德哥尔摩人从未见过的。船上的炮眼开着，炮口虎视眈眈地向外窥视着。 　　当风力增强时，突然刮来一阵大风，“瓦萨”号奇怪地摇晃了一下，便向左舷倾斜。炮长命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上来以抵消船的倾斜，但甲板的倾斜度仍在增加。当物口、压舱物、弹药和400个人轰地一声滑向陡斜的左舷时，岸上的观众听到了雷鸣般的轰响。下层炮眼已淹没在水里，涌进船舱的水给“瓦萨”号带来了难以逃脱的厄运。就这样，想要统治波罗的海的大型战舰“瓦萨”号，在它壮丽的起航时刻，带着全身飘扬的彩旗，沉没在了它诞生的港口。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(22)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月31日 08:11

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(21)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 26 　　The past life of the earth地球上的昔日生命 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What is the main condition for the preservation of the remains of any living creature? 　　It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved， for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial， and it is only in the seas and rivers， and sometimes lakes， where mud and sit have been continuously deposited， that bodies and the can be rapidly covered over and preserved. 　　But even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the creatures that die are preserved in this way before decay sets in or， even more likely， before scavengers eat them. After all， all living creatures live by feeding on something else， whether it be plant or animal， dead or alive， and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. The remains of plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved， for there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying bout， not to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see， it is very rarely that one comes across a dead body， except， of course， on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creature. 　　It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive， as by falling into inaccessible caves， or into an ice crevasse， like the Siberian mammoths， when the whole animal is sometimes preserved， as in a refrigerator. This is what happened to the famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition. In his mouth were the remains of fir trees —— the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back. The mammoth has now just a suburb of Los Angeles. Apparently what happened was that water collected on these tar pits， and the bigger animals like the elephants ventured out on to the apparently firm surface to drink， and were promptly bogged in the tar. And then， when they were dead， the carnivores， like the sabre-toothed cats and the giant wolves， came out to feed and suffered exactly the same fate. There are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well. 　　ERROL WHITE The past life of the earth from Discovery 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　preservation n. 保存silt n. 淤泥scavenger n. 食腐动物vole n. 野鼠，鼹鼠decompose v. 腐烂inaccessible adj. 不能到达的crevasse n. 缝隙Siberian adj.西伯利亚的palaeontological adj. 古生物学的St. Petersburg n. 圣彼得堡sabre-toothed adj. 长着锐利的长牙venture v. 冒险bogged adj. 陷入泥沼的，陷入要困境的 　　参考译文 　　只有生活在水中或水边的动植物尸体最有可能被保存下来，因为保存的必要条件之一是迅速掩埋，所以只有在泥沙不停淤积的海洋和江河里，有时在湖泊里，尸体之类的东西才能被迅速地覆盖而保存下来。 　　即使是在最有利的环境中，死去的生物中也只有一小部分能在开始腐烂前，或更可能在被食腐动物吃掉之前，被这样保存下来。因为一切生物都是靠吃别的东西来活命的，不管这种东西是植物还是动物，死的还是活的，因此，生物偶尔才能避免被吃掉的命运。曾在陆地上生活过的动植物的遗体被保存下来的更为罕见，因为陆地上几乎没有什么东西覆盖它们。你可以想象出天上有看得见的飞来飞去、数不清的鸟，地上有不显眼的无数的老鼠和田鼠之类的小动物，但是，除非在路上，很少有人遇到这些动物的尸体，因为它们腐败之后很快就被风化掉，或被别的动物吃掉了。 　　几乎总是由于某些特殊的条件，陆地动物的遗体才被存下来，如掉进难以到达的洞穴，或掉进冰河裂缝里，或者像西伯利亚长毛象那样掉进冰窟中，有时整个动物像被放在冰箱里一样被保存下来，著名的那林索夫卡长毛象就是这样被保存下来的，而且保存得很好。它嘴里还留着冷杉 —— 它掉进冰河裂隙折断脊椎柱之前的最后一顿饭。这头长毛象已被修复，现存于圣彼得堡古生物学博物馆。有的动物掉进天然沥清坑里被保存下来，如在兰桥。拉。布里 —— 现在是洛杉矶的郊区发现的大象、剑齿虎和许多其他动物。显然，事情的经过是这样：沥青坑里积存了水，大象那样的大动物冒险到似乎坚固的水面上去饮水，立即掉进了沥青坑。大象死后，一些食肉动物，如剑齿虎和大灰狼就来吃大象，结果遭到了同样的命运。沥青坑里还有无数只鸟的尸体。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(21)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月31日 08:10

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(20)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 25 　　Non-auditory effects of noise噪音的非听觉效应 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece? 　　May people in industry and the Services， who have practical experience of noise， regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand， those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity， because noise abatement really is a good cause， and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science. 　　One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper， for instance， was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress， with the caption 'She was yet another victim， reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the text， one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her， and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement. 　　What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions， to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy， for instance， examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers： the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft， you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies： if there is any effect of noise upon mental health， it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist： but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than， say， being brought up in an orphanage —— which really is mental health hazard. 　　D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　auditory adj. 听觉的inadequate adj. 不适当的plea n. 要求abatement n. 减少discredit v. 怀疑allegation n. 断言caption n. 插图说明wreck n. 残废人snag n. 疑难之处，障碍anecdote n. 轶闻slander v. 诽谤persecute v. 迫害squadron n. 中队psychiatric adj. 精神病学的diagnosis n. 诊所orphanage n. 孤儿院 　　参考译文 　　在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的许多人对噪声音有切身的体会，他们认为对这个问题进行调查中浪费时间，甚至不愿承认噪音可能对人有影响。另一方面，那些讨厌噪音的人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们希望有一个较为安静的社会环境的要求。要求减少噪音是件好事，但是如果与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话，就不会被人们所信任，这是很遗憾的。 　　常见的一种指责是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，最近一家周报刊登了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插图，是一位表情沮丧的女子。图的文字说明：“她是又一个受害者，成了只会尖叫的可怜虫。”当人们急切地看完正文后，便知道这女子是个打字员，办公室打字机的声音使她越来越烦，最终住进了精神病医院。这类奇闻的疑难之处是无法区别因果关系。是噪音引起了(精神)病呢，还是(精神)病的症状之一是对噪音的抱怨?另有一位病人可能同样有理由抱怨说，她的邻居们正在联合起来对她进行诽谤和迫害，不过，人们不会轻信她的抱怨。 　　对于噪音问题，需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进行研究，看一看他们是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美国海军前些时候调查了许多在航空母航上工作的人，这次调查被称之为：“安内英工程”。即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方，机场的噪音也会使人难受。因此，如果你能想像出和几个中队的喷气机同在一个甲板上是什么滋味儿的话，你就会认识到现代海军是研究噪音的好地方。但是，不管进行精神病学的调查访问，还是进行客观的测试，都不能显示噪音对这些美国水兵有任何影响。这个结果只不过证实了美国和英国早些时候的研究结论：如果噪音对精神健康有影响的话，那也一定是微乎其微，以致现代的精神病诊断方法还发现不了。这并不是证实不存在噪音对健康的影响。但它确实说明，噪音的危险性 —— 比如说 —— 比在孤儿院长大所受的危害要小一些，孤儿院才是真正危害精神健康的地方。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(20)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月31日 08:09

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(19)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 24 　　Beatuy美 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What do glimpses of beauty， either in nature or art， often suggest to the human mind? 　　A young man sees a sunset and， unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him， concludes that it must be the gateway to world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence， different and， because the experience is intensely moving， in some way higher. And， though the gleams blind and dazzle， yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe; for language， which was invented to convey the meanings of this world， cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another. 　　That all great has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods， Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer， no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty， a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed， and in passing leaves and indefinable longing and regret. But， if this world is not merely a bad joke， life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars， and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion， or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us. if， in a word， beauty means something， yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable， it is unwise to try to utter it， nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless. 　　C.E.M.JOAD Pieces of Mind 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　intense adj. 强烈的aesthetic adj. 审美的realm n. 世界serenity n. 静谧undeniable adj. 不可否认的indefinable adj. 模糊不清的vulgar adj. 平庸的radiance n. 发光intimation n. 暗示unutterable adj. 不可言传的invest v. 赋予 　　参考译文 　　一个年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解和表达日落在他心中唤起的激情，便得出结论：日落处想必是通往遥远世界的大门。无论是谁，在强烈感受到美的时刻，心中都不禁油生一种遐想：我们似乎瞥见从另一个世界射向我们的一线光芒，那个世界不仅不同于我们这个世界，而且由于美感的强烈感染，在某些方面比我们这个世界更美好。虽然这光芒令人眼花缭乱，但它确实给予我们一种不曾经历和无法想象的美感和静谧的启示。这种美感和静谧是我们无法描述的，因为我们发明的语言是用来描述这个世界的含义，不能随便拿来去描述另一个世界。 　　不可否认，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人遐想到进入天外世界的魅力。在某种状态下，大自然也有这种魅力。六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹;美丽的落日总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象未及饱览便一闪即逝，并在消逝中给人留下不可名状的渴望和惆怅。如果这个世界不只是一个拙劣的恶作剧，如果人生不只是群星寒光中平凡的一闪，如果存在不只是对神秘事物的一种空虚的笑声，如果某种玄妙事物的暗示不是消化不良引起的邪恶情绪，也不是魔鬼为了捉弄我们，使我们发狂而送给我们的邪念，一句话，如果美有某种意义的话，我闪千万不要去阐明它的意义。如果我瞥见了只可意会不可言传的事物，企图把它说出来，那上不明智的;对于我们不理解的事物，我们也不应该去赋予它某种意义。用对我们人类有意义的词解释美是没有意义的。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(19)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月31日 08:08

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(18)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 23 　　Bird flight鸟的飞行方法 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What are the two main types of bird flight described by the author? 　　No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen. Any shi that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross， Which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards， as well as in the line of its course， are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress. The albatross is the king of the gliders， the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose， but must yield to its opposition. In the contrary school， the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air， as he boasts. Duck， and like them the pigeons， are endowed with such-like muscles， that are a good part of the weight of the bird， and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. Their humbler followers， such as partridges， have a like power of strong propulsion， but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion， if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey. The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. It tires not， nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air， travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home， feeding its flown young as it flies， and slipping through we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning. 　　WILLIAM BEACH THOMAS A Countryman's Creed 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　albatross n. 信天翁sustenance n. 支撑力glider n. 滑翔者harness v. 利用endow v. 赋有ply v. 不断地供给gale n. 大风partridge n. 鹧鸪like adj. 类似的propulsion n. 推进力utter adj. 完全的slip v. 滑行adverse adj. 逆的，相反的omen n. 预兆 　　参考译文 　　没有任何两种鸟的飞行方式是相同的。鸟的飞行方式千差万别，但大体上可分为两类。任何一艘横度太平洋的轮船都会有一种小信天翁伴随飞行许多天。它们随船飞行一小时也难得见其扇动一下翅膀。沿船体的上升的气流和沿航线向前的气流给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。信天翁是滑翔飞行的鸟类之王，它能自如地驾驭空气，但必须顺气流飞行。与滑翔鸟相对的另一类鸟中，数野鸭本领最高。它更近乎于人类自夸的“征服”了空气的发动机。野鸭及它们相似的鸽子有天赋的钢铁般的肌肉，占了体重的很大一部分。这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇动短小的翅膀，使这类鸟能顶着大风飞行很远的路才会疲劳。次于野鸭和鸽子的鸟，如鹧鸪，有相似的巨大推动力，但很快会疲劳。如果海风驱使它们飞行很长距离，你可以捡到一些因筋疲力尽而摔下来的鹧鸪。燕子充分兼有这两类鸟的长处，它既不疲劳，也不炫耀自己的飞翔力;在空中十分自如，可以飞行6，000英里，可以飞往北方做窝的老家，再从老家飞回;一边飞一边喂养会飞的雏燕，甚至在顶风时也能在气流中滑翔，似乎气流在帮它前进。这些鸟对我们是有益的，虽然我们不再从它们的飞翔姿态来占卜吉凶，连最迷信的村民也不再对喜鹊脱帽行礼，祝它早安了。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(18)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月31日 08:07

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(17)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 22 　　Knowledge and progress知识和进步 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　In what two areas have people made no 'progress' at all? 　　Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality， it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing， a great advance was made， for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible， and education in its turn added to libraries： the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law， which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until， with the coming of science， the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover， as soon as new knowledge is acquired， it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature. but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is： What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out， knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle， for instance， be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge， with its ever-increasing power， continues. 　　G.N.M.TYRRELL The Personality of Man 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　loom v. 赫然耸起manifest adj.明显的morality n. 道德communicate v. 交流，交际compound adj. 复合的enhance v. 增进tempo n. 速率trickle n. 涓涓细流torrent n. 滔滔洪流humanity n. 人类indifferently adv. 不在乎地grimly adv. 可怖地whimsical adj. 怪诞的shatter v. 毁坏twofold adj. 双重的 　　参考译文 　　为什么进步这个概念在现代世界显得如此突出?无疑是因为有一种特殊的进步实际上正在我们周围发生，而且变得越来越明显。虽然人类有智力和道德上没有得到普遍提高，但在知识积累方面却取得了巨大的进步。人一旦能用语言同别人交流思想，知识的积累便开始了。随着书写的发明，又迈进了一大步，因为这样一来，知识不仅能交流，而且能储存了。藏书使教育成为可能，而教育反过来又丰富了藏书，因为知识的增长遵循着一种“滚雪球”的规律。印刷术的发明又大大提高了知识增长的速度。所有这些发展都比较缓慢，而随着科学的到来，增长的速度才突然加快。于是，知识便开始有系统有计划地积累起来。涓涓细流汇成小溪，小溪现已变成了奔腾的江河。而且，新知识一旦获得，便得到实际应用。所谓“现代文明”并不是人的天性平衡发展的结果，而是积累起来的知识应用到实际生活中的结果。现在人类面临的问题是：用这些知识去做什么?正像人们常常指出的，知识是一把双刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用来为害。人们现在正漫不经心地把知识用于这两个方面，例如：炮兵利用科学毁坏人的身体、而外科医生就在附近用科学抢救被炮兵毁坏的人体，还有什么情景比这更可怕、更怪诞的吗?我们不得不严肃地问问我们自己：随着日 　　益增长的知识的力量，如果我们继续利用知识的这种双重性，将会发生什么样的情况呢?益增长的知识的力量，如果我们继续利用知识的这种双重性，将会发生什么样的情况呢? 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(17)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月30日 08:11

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(16)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 21 　　William S. Hart and the early 'Western' film威廉。S. 哈特和早期限的‘西部’影片 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　How did William Hart's childhood prepare him for his acting role in Western films? 　　William S. hart was， perhaps， the greatest of all Western stars， fro unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film， and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made， the good-had man， the accidental-noble outlaw， or the honest-but-framed cowboy， or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short， the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment. 　　Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood， Hart actually knew something of the old West. He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing， and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences， and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier. And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized， myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena， the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization. 　　Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians， bankers and businessmen， and unhorsed by fences， laws and alien taboos. Hart's good-bad man was always an outsider， always one of the disinherited， and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way， his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive， especially when it was Hart who， in the end， overcame the attacking Indians. 　　Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life， though hard， was relatively simple. We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression， war， hypocrisy， chicanery， anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives， we all want a code to live by. 　　CARL FOREMAN Virtue and a Fast Gun from The Observer 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　Supreme adj. 首屈一指protagonist n. 主角outlaw n. 逃犯，亡命之徒framed adj. 遭到陷害的vicious adj. 恶毒的mythology n. 神话vanished adj. 消失了的absurdly adv. 荒诞地arena n. 竞技场在encroaching adj. 渐渐渗入的Indian n. 印第安人bewilder v. 使手足无措alien adj. 外来的taboo n. 戒律disinherit v. 剥夺……继承权undeclared adj. 未经宣布的hypocrisy n. 伪善chicanery n. 诈骗impending adj. 迫近的，近在眉睫的immolation n. 杀戮code n. 准则 　　参考译文 　　威廉。S.哈特大概是美国西部电影明星中的佼佼者。他和加里。古柏、约翰。韦恩不同，他只在西部电影中扮演角色。在1914年至1924年期间，他首屈一指，独霸影坛。正是他创造了西部电影的基调，即在他自己的拍摄的影片中他所塑造的主人公形象：被认为是坏人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，诚实却遭陷害的牛仔或因流言蜚语蒙受嫌疑的司法官。总之，主人公是一个自相矛盾，又与他的拓荒环境相矛盾的人物。 　　哈特与大部分同时代在好莱坞的演员不同，他确实了解西部早期拓荒生活的一些情况。作为一个孩子他曾在西部生活过，当时西部拓荒生活正在消失。他塑造的英雄人物深深地扎根于他本人的记忆和经历之中，也扎根于有关已经消失的拓荒生活的历史和神话之中。虽然在美国历史上没有任何时期或地区像西部拓荒时期那样被荒谬地浪漫主义化了，但神话和事实至少在某一个舞台上共存，也就是存在于个人与渐渐闯入的文明这两者的冲突之中。 　　习惯与大自然和印第安人作斗争以求生存的拓荒者被政客、银行家和商人搞得晕头转向，最后被圈地、尖律我外来的清规戒律所击败。哈特扮演的被误为坏人的好人总是一个局外人，总是一个被剥夺继承权的人。如果他认为在进行过程中有必要枪击一个司法官或抢劫一个银行，他的早期观众很容易接受，觉得应该原谅他，特别是当哈特最后战胜了前来进攻的印第安人时，观众更能原谅他。 　　生活在20世纪20年代的观众认为，逃到一个即使艰苦但比较简朴的时代中去是件愉快的事，我们今天仍有这种感觉。如今，不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、诈骗、无政府状态以及即将临头的毁灭成了我们日常生活的一部分，我们都希望有一个赖以生存的行为准则。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(16)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月30日 08:10

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(15)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 20 　　Snake poison蛇毒 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What are the two different ways in which snake poison acts? 　　How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. Over the periods their saliva， a mild， digestive juice like our own， was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today. It was not forced upon them by the survival competition; they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison， just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do. Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort， no more effort than one bite. And why only snakes? Cats， for instance， would be greatly helped; no running fights with large， fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits —— just a bite and no more effort needed. In fact， it would be an assistance to all carnivores though it would be a two-edged weapon when they fought each other. But， of the vertebrates， unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard)。 One wonders saliva into why Nature， with respect from that of others， as other on the blood. 　　In the conversion of saliva into poison， one might suppose that a fixed process took place. It did not; some snakes manufacture a poison different in every respect from that of others， as different as arsenic is from strychnine， and having different effects. One poison acts on the nerves， the other on the blood. 　　The makers of the nerve poison include the mambas and the cobras and their venom is called neurotoxic. Vipers (adders) and rattlesnakes manufacture the blood poison， which is known as haemolytic. Both poisons are unpleasant， but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison. It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two， that the blood poison is， so to speak， a newer product from an improved formula. Be that as it may， the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. This， however， means nothing. Snakes did not acquire their poison for use against man but for use against prey such as rats and mice， and the effects on these of viperine poison is almost immediate. 　　JOHN CROMPTON The snake 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　saliva n. 唾液digestive adj. 助消化的defy v. 使不可能analysis n. 分析prey n. 被捕食的动物fierce adj. 凶猛的tussle n. 扭打carnivore n. 食肉动物vertebrate n. 脊椎动物lizard n. 蜥蜴concoct v. 调制potency n. 效力conversion n. 转变arsenic n. 砒霜strychnine n. 马钱子碱mamba n. 树眼镜蛇cobra n. 眼镜蛇venom n. 毒液neurotoxic adj. 毒害神经的viper n. 蝰蛇adder n. 蝮蛇rattlesnake n. 响尾蛇haemolytic adj. 溶血性的viperine adj. 毒蛇 　　参考译文 　　蛇是怎样产生毒液的，这是一个谜。蛇的唾液本来和我们人的消化液一样柔和，但经过漫长的时间，演变成了今天仍无法分析清楚的毒液。毒液不是生存竞争强加给它们的，它们也可以不用毒液捕捉动物而生存，就像今天成千上万的无毒蛇那样。毒液对毒蛇来说只不过是一种舒适生存的优越手段，它使蛇不用费多大力气就能捕获到食物，轻咬一口即可。为什么只有蛇才有毒液呢?譬如说，如果猫有毒液，那对猫会大有帮助，它就不必再和又大又凶的老鼠边跑边博斗了，也不必再和大兔子扭斗了，只要咬一口，就不必再费大力气。因此，任何食肉动物有了毒液，都能从中获益。不过，当它们相互撕打时，毒液就成了利弊参半的武，可以杀死对方，也可以被对方的毒液杀死。然而，在脊椎动物中，大自然神秘模测地只选择了蛇(还有一种蜥蜴)，人们弄不清楚大自然为什么在某些蛇的身上调制出如此高效的毒液来。 　　人们可能认为，唾液转变成毒液，其中有固定的程序。其实没有。有些蛇产生的毒液也在各方面与另外一些毒蛇产生的毒液不同，就像砒霜不同于马钱子碱一样。不同毒蛇产生的毒液产生的效果不同，一种毒液作用于神经，另一种毒液作用于血液。 　　产生神经毒液的蛇有一种非洲树眼镜蛇和眼镜蛇，它们的毒液称为神经毒素。蝰蛇(蝮蛇)和响尾蛇产生血液毒素，称为溶血性毒液。这两种毒液都很可怕，但溶血性毒液尤其厉害。据说，神经毒液在两种毒液中是较为原始的一种，而溶血性毒液，打个比方说，是根据改良配方生产的一种较新的产品。不过，神经毒辣液比溶血性毒液在人身上起作用快得多。但是，这没有什么关系，因为蛇有毒液不是用来对付人的，而是对付它的猎物，诸如鼠类，毒液对这些猎物会立刻起作用。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(15)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月30日 08:09

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(14)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　The stuff of dreams话说梦的本质 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What is going on when a person experiences rapid eye-movements during sleep? 　　It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function， and because there is so much of it the function would seem to e important. Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years， and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest'， in terms of muscle relaxation and so on， can be achieved by a brief period lying， or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree， and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity. 　　If it is not a question of resting the body， then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep， there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements， some drifting and slow， others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end， and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements， the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered， but the disturbance of dreaming. 　　CHRISTOPHER EVANS The stuff of dreams from The Listener 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　speculation n. 推测literally adv. 确实odd adj. 奇特的tissue n. 组织plausible adj. 似乎有理的hypothesis n. 假说electroencephalograph n. 脑电图仪electrode n. 电极scalp n. 头皮psychiatrist n. 精神病学家punctuate v. 不时介入jerky adj. 急动的disorder n. 失调implication n. 表明 　　参考译文 　　很清楚，睡眠必然具有某种作用。睡眠占去那么多时间，所以其作用似乎还是很重要。人们对睡眠作用的种种猜测，确实有数千年之久。一项使人对这个问题感到困惑的奇怪的发现是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不仅仅是为了使身体得到休息。“休息”，从使肌肉得到放松等方面来看，只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能达到。人体组织在一定程度上有自我修补和自我恢复的能力，有张有弛地连续活动时，其功能最佳。事实上，睡眠状态下仍有着基本的活动量，以防止肌肉活动停止。 　　如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身体得到休息，那么也许是让大脑得以休息?若不是下面两点，这种假使似乎是有道理的。第一点，脑电图记录仪(不过是一种把电极接到头皮上记录脑电活动的仪器)显示，人在睡眠时大脑活动的方式有变化，但没有迹象表明，其活动总量有任何减少。第二点更有意思，也更重要。前些年，美国一位精神病学者发表了一篇报告，报告中记录了眼球在睡眠时的活动情况。他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不时伴有一阵阵奇怪的眼球队活动，这些活动有的飘忽而缓慢，有的急剧而快速。在眼球活动期间被叫醒的人都说自己在做梦;在其他期间叫醒他们，则说没有做梦。如果有两组人，一组人连续几夜在眼球队活动时被叫醒;另一组人也是连续几夜被叫醒，但是在眼球队没活动时被叫醒的。结果，第一组人开始出现性格失常，而第二组人似乎没受什么影响。这一切暗示我们：睡眠受到干忧没关系，而做梦受到干忧是有问题的。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(14)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月30日 08:08

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(13)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 18 　　Porpoises海豚 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What would you say is the main characteristic of porpoises? 　　There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface， or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that， however intelligent they may be， it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport， as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photographer working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. If， as has been reported， they have protected humans from sharks， it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued， with the sharks being driven away or killed. 　　Whether it be bird， fish or beast， the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly after the turtles， who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane. Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy， and may require two porpoises working together. In another game， as the turtle swims across the oceanarium， the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up， but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over. 　　RALPH NADING HILL Window in the Sea 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　porpoise n. 海豚mariner n. 水手shark n. 鲨鱼formation n. 队形dolphin n. 海豚科动物unconscious adj. 不省人事beaver n. 海狸ashore adv. 上岸waterlogged adj. 浸满水的scent n. 香味ensue v. 接着发生intrigue v. 引起兴趣indignity n. 侮辱snout n. 口鼻部shove v. 硬推aquaplane n. 驾浪滑水板oceanarium n. 水族馆swoop v. 猛扑belly n. 腹部equilibrium n. 平衡butt v. 碰撞crack n. 重击 　　参考译文 　　长期以来，海员中流传着一种迷信的说法，认为海豚会把快要淹死的人托到水面，救人性命;或在人们周围列队保护，使他们免遭鲨鱼伤害。海洋摄影室的生物学家指出，无论海豚多么聪明，认为它们有救人的动机可能是错误的。当它们偶尔把一个失去知觉的人推到岸边时，更大的可能是出于好奇或游戏，就像它们追逐被船首犁开的浪花一样。1928年，有人拍摄到了海豚像海狸一样把浸透水的床垫推上岸的情景。正如报道中所说，如果海豚保护人不受鲨鱼侵害，那么它们可能是出于好奇;而鲨鱼可能是闻到了可以美食一顿的香味。海豚和鲨鱼是天然仇敌，双方可能随之发生搏斗，搏斗结果是海豚赶走或咬死鲨鱼。 　　海豚对凡是活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟、是鱼，还是野兽。它们经常追逐海龟，海龟则温顺地忍受着各种侮辱。一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟推到水面，然后像滑水板一样把海龟从水池的这一边推到那一边。几乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚把鼻子顶入一只300磅重的海龟的硬壳下面，拼命地把它翻过来。这并非易事，可能需要两只海豚合伙干才行。在另一场游戏中，当海龟游过水族馆时，第一只海豚从上方猛扑下去，用腹部撞击龟壳。这一下子把海龟撞下去好几英尺。海龟刚恢复平衡，第二只海豚又冲过来猛击一下。这只海龟最终被撞到池底。此时的海龟，只要能站起来就满足了，但它刚站起来，就被一只海豚击倒。海龟终于屈服了，将4条腿缩进壳内。游戏到此结束。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(13)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月30日 08:07

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(12)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Lesson 17 　　A man-made disease人为的疾病 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What factor helped to spread the disease of myxomatosis? 　　In the early days of the settlement of Australia， enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes， so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. It overran a whole continent. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease， myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows， local epidemics of this disease could be created. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes， Australia was encouraging this one. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease， so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes， however， that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable. 　　Ironically， Europe， which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia， acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not， however， remain within the confines of his estate. It spread through France， Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply， and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits， equally susceptible to the disease， are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented. 　　RITCHIE CALDER Science Makes Sense 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　settlement n. 新拓居地enterprising adj. 有事业心的settler n. 移居者Antipodes n. 新西兰和澳大利亚(英) 　　promiscuous adj. 杂乱的abandon n. 放任，纵情overrun v. 蔓延，泛滥devastation n. 破坏，劫掠burrow v. 挖、掘susceptible adj. 易受感染的virus n. 病毒myxomatosis n. 多发性粘液瘤infect v. 传染epidemic n. 流行病mosquito n. 蚊虫carrier n. 带菌者exterminate v. 消灭ironically adv. 具有讽刺意味地bequeath v. 把……传给pest n. 害虫，有害动物pestilence n. 瘟疫confine n. 范围domesticate v. 驯养 　　参考译文 　　在澳大利亚移民初期，一些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔子引进了澳大利亚。这种兔子在澳大利亚及新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。整个澳洲兔子成灾。它们在地下打洞，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草，给澳洲大陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。科学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔子(显然不包括别的动物)易患一种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑，就可以使这种疾病在一个地区蔓延起来。后来又发现，有一种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给兔子。因此，世界上其他地方在设法消灭蚊子的时候，澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。蚊子把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆，效果甚佳，结果兔子的数目在为减少。后来，明显看出，兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔子不可能被完全消灭。但是，已有希望解决兔子所带来的问题。 　　具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔子作为有害动物传给澳洲，而欧洲自己却染上了这种人为的瘟疫般的疾病。一位法国内科医生决定除掉自己庄园内的野兔子，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾病。然而，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内，结果在整个法国蔓延开来。野兔在法国一般不被当作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野兔被当作有害的动物，可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。现在的问题是，人类能否控制住这种人为的疾病。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(12)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月29日 08:11

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(11)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　The modern city现代城市 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What is the author's main argument about the modern city? 　　In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost， in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines， and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground， and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling， they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark， narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases， torn by the noise of the taxicabs， lorries and buses， and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously， it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. 　　ALEXIS CARREL Man， the Unknown 　　New words and expressions 生词和短语 　　physiological adj. 生理的maximum adj. 最大限度的consideration n. 考虑descendant n. 子孙，后代artificial n. 人工的impose v. 强加dimension n. 直径skyscraper n. 摩天大楼tenant n. 租户civilized adj. 文明的banal adj. 平庸luxury n. 豪华deprive v. 剥夺monstrous adj. 畸形的edifice n. 大厦toxic adj. 有毒的ceaselessly adv. 不停地throng v. 挤满，壅塞 　　参考译文 　　在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了。现代工业的基本概念是：以最低成本获取最多产品，为的是让某个个人或某一部分人尽可能多地赚钱。现代工业发展起来了，却根本没想到操作机器的人的本质。工厂把一种人为的生存方式强加给工人，却不顾及这种生存方式给工人及其后代带来的影响。大城市的建设毫不关心我们。摩天大楼完全是按这样的需要修建的：每平方英尺地皮取得最大收入和向租房人提供使他满意的办公室和住房。这样就导致了许多摩天大厦拔地而起，大厦内众多的人挤地一起。文明人喜欢这样一种生活方式。在享受自己住宅的舒适和庸俗的豪华时，却没有意识到被剥夺了生活所必需的东西。大得吓人的高楼和阴暗狭窄的街道组成了今日现代化的城市。街道上充斥着汽油味和有毒气体，出租汽车、卡车、公共汽车的噪音刺耳难忍，络绎不绝的人群挤来挤去。显然，现代化的城市不是这居民的利益而规划的。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(11)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月29日 08:10

　　新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(10)已发布，欢迎大家查看。新概念英语第四册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第四册课文、新概念英语第四册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习! 　　 　　Secrecy in industry工业中的秘密 　　First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　Why is secrecy particularly important in the chemical industries? 　　Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out， the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one， it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities， or even， often enough， in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries， where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms， for instance， have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have names entered as having taken out such and such a book， for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking. 　　J.D. BERNAL The Social Function of Science 　　New words and expressions 　　secrecy n. 秘密effectiveness n. 成效，效力inquiry n. 调查研究positive adj. 确实的process n. 过程patent n. 专利;v. 得到专利权agent n. 情报人员 　　参考译文 　　有两个因素严重地妨碍工业中科学研究的效率：一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密气氛;二是研究人员缺乏个人自由。任何一项研究都涉及到保密，那些从事科研的人员自然受到了限制。他们不能和其他国家、其他大学、甚至往往不能与本公司的其他部门的同行们进行有效的接触。保密程度自然差别很大。某些大公司进行的研究属于一般和基础的研究，因此不保密对他们才有利。然而，依赖这种研究的很多工艺程序是在完全保密的情况下进行的，直到可以取得专利权的阶段为止。更多的工艺过程根本就不会取得专利权，而是作为秘方保存着。在这化学工业方面尤为突出。同物理和机械工业相比，化学工业中偶然发现的机会要多得多。有时，保密竟达到了这样的程度，即连研究工作的整个性质都不准提及。比如，很多公司向图书馆借阅科技书籍时感到困难，因为它们不愿让人家记下它们公司的名字和借阅的某一本书。他们生怕别的公司的情报人员据此摸到他们可能要从事的某项科研项目。 　　以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册文本对照解析(10)”，更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第四册答案、新概念英语第四册详解和新概念英语第四册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语4顺利!

2025年01月29日 08:09