2024年8月31日雅思考试已经结束, 那这次考试阅读都考了哪些内容呢？本文为大家整理了2024年8月31日雅思考试题阅读回忆及答案，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

　　 阅读

　　一、 考试概述：

　　本场考试两旧一新，难度高。第一篇澳大利亚的环境影响，难度中规中矩;第二篇郁金香泡沫破裂，偏商业管理的讨论，难度高;第三篇英国海岸考古，2022/1/20和2024/6/1考过，难度高。

　　二、具体题目分析：

　　Passage One：

　　文章题材：说明文(生态环境类)

　　文章题目：澳大利亚环境影响

　　文章难度：★★★

　　题型及数量：待补充

　　题目及答案：待补充

　　可参考真题：剑桥19—TEST2 Passage 2 The global importance of wetlands

　　Passage Two：

　　文章题材：说明文(商业管理)

　　文章题目：郁金香泡沫破裂

　　文章难度：★★★

　　题型及数量：段落信息匹配+判断+摘要题(无选项)

　　题目及答案：

　　When the Tulip Bubble Burst

　　Tulips are spring-blooming perennials that grow from bulbs. Depending on the species, tulip plants can grow as short as 4 inches (10 cm) or as high as 28 inches (71 cm). The tulip’s large flowers usually bloom on scapes or sub-scapose stems that lack bracts. Most tulips produce only one flower per stem, but a few species bear multiple flowers on their scapes (e.g. Tulipa turkestanica). The showy, generally cup or star-shaped tulip flower has three petals and three sepals, which are often termed tepals because they are nearly identical. These six tepals are often marked on the interior surface near the bases with darker colorings. Tulip flowers come in a wide variety of colors, except pure blue (several tulips with “blue” in the name have a faint violet hue)

　　A. Long before anyone ever heard of Qualcomm, CMGI, Cisco Systems, or the other high-tech stocks that have soared during the current bull market, there was Semper Augustus. Both more prosaic and more sublime than any stock or bond, it was a tulip of extraordinary beauty, its midnight-blue petals topped by a band of pure white and accented with crimson flares. To denizens of 17th century Holland, little was as desirable.

　　B. Around 1624, the Amsterdam man who owned the only dozen specimens was offered 3,000 guilders for one bulb. While there’s no accurate way to render that in today’s greenbacks, the sum was roughly equal to the annual income of a wealthy merchant. (A few years later, Rembrandt received about half that amount for painting The Night Watch.) Yet the bulb’s owner, whose name is now lost to history, nixed the offer.

　　C. Who was crazier, the tulip lover who refused to sell for a small fortune or the one who was willing to splurge. That’s a question that springs to mind after reading Tulip mania: The Story of the World’s Most Coveted Flower and the Extraordinary Passions It Aroused by British journalist Mike Dash. In recent years, as investors have intentionally forgotten everything they learned in Investing 101 in order to load up on unproved, unprofitable dot- com issues, tulip mania has been invoked frequently. In this concise, artfully written account, Dash tells the real history behind the buzzword and in doing so, offers a cautionary tale for our times.

　　D. The Dutch were not the first to go gaga over the tulip. Long before the first tulip bloomed in Europe-in Bavaria, it turns out, in 1559-the flower had enchanted the Persians and bewitched the rulers of the Ottoman Empire. It was in Holland, however, that the passion for tulips found its most fertile ground, for reasons that had little to do with horticulture.

　　E. Holland in the early 17th century was embarking on its Golden Age. Resources that had just a few years earlier gone toward fighting for independence from Spain now flowed into commerce. Amsterdam merchants were at the center of the lucrative East Indies trade, where a single voyage could yield profits of 400%. They displayed their success by erecting grand estates surrounded by flower gardens. The Dutch population seemed tom by two contradictory impulses: a horror of living beyond one’s means and the love of a long shot.

　　F. Enter the tulip. “It is impossible to comprehend the tulip mania without understanding just how different tulips were from every other flower known to horticulturists in the 17th century,” says Dash. “The colors they exhibited were more intense and more concentrated than those of ordinary plants.” Despite the outlandish prices commanded by rare bulbs, ordinary tulips were sold by the pound. Around 1630, however, a new type of tulip fancier appeared, lured by tales of fat profits. These “florists,” or professional tulip traders, sought out flower lovers and speculators alike. But if the supply of tulip buyers grew quickly, the supply of bulbs did not. The tulip was a conspirator in the supply squeeze: It takes seven years to grow one from seed. And while bulbs can produce two or three clones, or “offsets,” annually, the mother bulb only lasts a few years.

　　G. Bulb prices rose steadily throughout the 1630s, as ever more speculators into the market. Weavers and farmers mortgaged whatever they could to raise cash to begin trading. In 1633, a farmhouse in Hoorn changed hands for three rare bulbs. By 1636 any tulip-even bulbs recently considered garbage-could be sold off, often for hundreds of guilders. A futures market for bulbs existed, and tulip traders could be found conducting their business in hundreds of Dutch taverns. Tulip mania reached its peak during the winter of 1636-37, when some bulbs were changing hands ten times in a day. The zenith came early that winter, at an auction to benefit seven orphans whose only asset was 70 fine tulips left by then father. One, a rare Violetten Admirael van Enkhuizen bulb that was about to split in two, sold for 5,200 guilders, the all-time record. All told, the flowers brought in nearly 53,000 guilders.

　　H. Soon after, the tulip market crashed utterly, spectacularly. It began in Haarlem, at a routine bulb auction when, for the first time, the greater fool refused to show up and pay. Within days, the panic had spread across the country. Despite the efforts of traders to prop up demand, the market for tulips evaporated. Flowers that had commanded 5,000 guilders a few weeks before now fetched one-hundredth that amount. Tulip mania is not without flaws. Dash dwells too long on the tulip’s migration from Asia to Holland. But he does a service with this illuminating, accessible account of incredible financial folly.

　　I. Tulip mania differed in one crucial aspect from the dot-com craze that grips our attention today: Even at its height, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, well- established in 1630, wouldn’t touch tulips. “The speculation in tulip bulbs always existed at the margins of Dutch economic life,” Dash writes. After the market crashed, a compromise was brokered that let most traders settle then debts for a fraction of then liability. The overall fallout on the Dutch economy was negligible. Will we say the same when Wall Street’s current obsession finally runs its course?

　　Questions 1-5

　　The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-I.

　　Which paragraph contains the following information?

　　Write the correct letter A-I, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

　　1 Difference between bubble burst impacts by tulip and by high-tech shares

　　2 Spread of tulip before 17th century

　　3 Indication of money offered for rare bulb in 17th century

　　4 Tulip was treated as money in Holland

　　5 Comparison made between tulip and other plants

　　Questions 6-10

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement is true

　　FALSE if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　6 In 1624, all the tulip collection belonged to a man in Amsterdam.

　　7 Tulip was first planted in Holland according to this passage.

　　8 Popularity of Tulip in Holland was much higher than any other countries in 17th century.

　　9 Holland was the most wealthy country in the world in 17th century.

　　10 From 1630, Amsterdam Stock Exchange started to regulate Tulips exchange market.

　　Questions 11-14

　　Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

　　Dutch concentrated on gaining independence by 11__________ against Spain in the early 17th century; consequently spare resources entered the area of 12__________. Prosperous traders demonstrated their status by building great 13__________ and with gardens in surroundings. Attracted by the success of profit on tulip, traders kept looking for 14__________ and speculator for sale.

　　参考答案

　　1. I

　　2. D

　　3. B

　　4. G

　　5. F

　　6. TRUE

　　7. FALSE

　　8. TRUE

　　9. NOT GIVEN

　　10. FALSE

　　11. fighting

　　12. commerce

　　13. estates

　　14. flower lovers

　　可参考真题：剑桥15—TEST4 Passage3 Environmental Practices of Big Businesses

　　Passage Three：

　　文章题材：议论文(人类学历史学)

　　文章题目：英国海岸考古

　　文章难度：★★★★

　　题型及数量：单选+判断+多选

　　题目及答案：

　　Coastal Archaeology of Britain

　　A

　　The recognition of the wealth and diversity of England’s coastal archaeology has been one of the most important developments of recent years. Some elements of this enormous resource have long been known. The so-called ‘submerged forests’ off the coasts of England, sometimes with clear evidence of human activity, had attracted the interest of antiquarians since at least the eighteenth century but serious and systematic attention has been given to the archaeological potential of the coast only since the early 1980s.

　　B

　　It is possible to trace a variety of causes for this concentration of effort and interest. In the 1980s and 1990s scientific research into climate change and its environmental impact spilt over into a much broader public debate as awareness of these issues grew; the prospect of rising sea levels over the next century, and their impact on current coastal environments, has been a particular focus for concern. At the same time, archaeologists were beginning to recognize that the destruction caused by natural processes of coastal erosion and by human activity was having an increasing impact on the archaeological resource of the coast.

　　C

　　The dominant process affecting the physical form of England in the post-glacial period has been the rise in the altitude of sea level relative to the land, as the glaciers melted and the landmass readjusted. The encroachment of the sea, the loss of huge areas of land now under the North Sea and the English Channel, and especially the loss of the land bridge between England and France, which finally made Britain an island, must have been immensely significant factors in the lives of our prehistoric ancestors. Yet the way in which prehistoric communities adjusted to these environmental changes has seldom been a major theme in discussions of the period. One factor contributing to this has been that, although the rise in relative sea level is comparatively well documented, we know little about the constant reconfiguration of the coastline. This was affected by many processes, mostly quite, which have not yet been adequately researched. The detailed reconstruction of coastline histories and the changing environments available for human use will be an important theme for future research.

　　D

　　So great has been the rise in sea level and the consequent regression of the coast that much of the archaeological evidence now exposed in the coastal zone, whether being eroded or exposed as a buried land surface, is derived from what was originally terrestrial occupation. Its current location in the coastal zone is the product of later unrelated processes, and it can tell us little about past adaptations to the sea. Estimates of its significance will need to be made in the context of other related evidence from dry land sites. Nevertheless, its physical environment means that preservation is often excellent, for example in the case of the Neolithic structure excavated at the Stumble in Essex.

　　E

　　In some cases, these buried land surfaces do contain evidence for human exploitation of what was a coastal environment, and elsewhere along the modern coast, there is similar evidence. Where the evidence does relate to past human exploitation of the resources and the opportunities offered by the sea and the coast, it is both diverse and as yet little understood. We are not yet in a position to make even preliminary estimates of answers to such fundamental questions as the extent to which the sea and the coast affected human life in the past, what percentage of the population at any time lived within reach of the sea, or whether human settlements in coastal environments showed a distinct character from that inland.

　　F

　　The most striking evidence for use of the sea is in the form of boats, yet we still have much to learn about their production and use. Most of the known wrecks around our coast are not unexpectedly of post-medieval date and offer an unparalleled opportunity for research which has as yet been little used. The prehistoric sewn-plank boats such as those from the Humber estuary and Dover all seem to belong to the second millennium BC; after this, there is a gap in the record of a millennium, which cannot yet be explained, before boats reappear, but built using a very different technology. Boatbuilding must have been an extremely important activity around much of our coast, yet we know almost nothing about it. Boats were some of the most complex artefacts produced by pre-modern societies, and further research on their production and use make an important contribution to our understanding of past attitudes to technology and technological change.

　　G

　　Boats needed landing places, yet here again, our knowledge is very patchy. In many cases the natural shores and beaches would have sufficed, leaving little or no archaeological trace, but especially in later periods, many ports and harbors, as well as smaller facilities such as quays, wharves, and jetties, were built. Despite a growth of interest in the waterfront archaeology of some of our more important Roman and medieval towns, very little attention has been paid to the multitude of smaller landing places. Redevelopment of harbor sites and other development and natural pressures along the coast are subjecting these important locations to unprecedented threats, yet few surveys of such sites have been undertaken.

　　H

　　One of the most important revelations of recent research has been the extent of industrial activity along the coast. Fishing and salt production are among the better-documented activities, but even here our knowledge is patchy. Many forms of fishing will eave little archaeological trace and one of the surprises of the recent survey has been the extent of past investment in facilities for procuring fish and shellfish. Elaborate wooden fish weirs, often of considerable extent and responsive to aerial photography in shallow water, have been identified in areas such as Essex and the Severn estuary. The production of salt, especially in the late Iron Age and early Roman periods, has been recognized for some time, especially in the Thames estuary and around the Solent and Poole Harbor, but the reasons for the decline of that industry and the nature of later coastal salt working are much less well understood. Other industries were also located along the coast, either because the raw materials outcropped there or for ease of working and transport: mineral resources such as sand, gravel, stone, coal, ironstone, and alum were all exploited. These industries are poorly documented, but their remains are sometimes extensive and striking.

　　I

　　Some appreciation of the variety and importance of the archaeological remains preserved in the coastal zone, albeit only in preliminary form, can thus be gained from recent work, but the complexity of the problem of managing that resource is also being realised. The problem arises not only from the scale and variety of the archaeological remains, but also from two other sources: the very varied natural and human threats to the resource, and the complex web of organisations with authority over, or interests in, the coastal zone. Human threats include the redevelopment of historic towns and old dockland areas, and the increased importance of the coast for the leisure and tourism industries, resulting in pressure for the increased provision of facilities such as marinas. The larger size of ferries has also caused an increase in the damage caused by their wash to fragile deposits in the intertidal zone. The most significant natural threat is the predicted rise in sea level over the next century especially in the south and east of England. Its impact on archaeology is not easy to predict, and though it is likely to be highly localised, it will be at a scale much larger than that of most archaeological sites. Thus protecting one site may simply result in transposing the threat to a point further along the coast. The management of the archaeological remains will have to be considered in a much longer time scale and a much wider geographical scale than is common in the case of dry land sites, and this will pose a serious challenge for archaeologists.

　　Questions 1-3

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.

　　1 What has caused public interest in coastal archaeology in recent years?

　　A Golds and jewelleries in the ships that have submerged

　　B The rising awareness of climate change

　　C Forests under the sea

　　D Technological advance in the field of sea research

　　2 What does the passage say about the evidence of boats?

　　A We have a good knowledge of how boats were made and what boats were for prehistorically

　　B Most of the boats discovered was found in harbors

　　C The use of boats had not been recorded for a thousand years

　　D The way to build boats has remained unchanged throughout human history

　　3 What can be discovered from the air?

　　A Salt mines

　　B Shellfish

　　C Ironstones

　　D Fisheries

　　Questions 4-10

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

　　In boxes 4-10 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement is true

　　FALSE if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　4 England lost much of its land after the ice-age due to the rising sea level.

　　5 The coastline of England has changed periodically.

　　6 Coastal archaeological evidence may be well-protected by seawater.

　　7 The design of boats used by pre-modern people was very simple.

　　8 Similar boats were also discovered in many other European countries.

　　9 There are a few documents relating to mineral exploitation.

　　10 Large passenger boats are causing increasing damage to the seashore.

　　Questions 11-13

　　Choose THREE letters A-G

　　Write your answer in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet

　　Which THREE of the following statements are mentioned in the passage?

　　A Our prehistoric ancestors adjusted to the environmental change caused by the rising sea level by moving to higher lands.

　　B It is difficult to understand how many people lived close to the sea.

　　C Human settlements in the coastal environment were different from that inland

　　D Our knowledge of boat evidence is limited.

　　E The prehistoric boats were built mainly for collecting sand from the river.

　　F Human development threatens the archaeological remains.

　　G The reason for the decline of the salt industry was the shortage of laborers.

　　参考答案

　　1. B

　　2. C

　　3. D

　　4. TRUE

　　5. FALSE

　　6. TRUE

　　7. FALSE

　　8. NOT GIVEN

　　9. TRUE

　　10. TRUE

　　11. B

　　12. D

　　13. F

　　可参考真题：剑桥17—TEST2 Passage1 The Dead Sea Scrolls

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