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　　11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.

　　11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

　　12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.

　　12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

　　13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.

　　13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

　　14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.

　　14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

　　15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.

　　15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。