你问我答
近义词辨析:hit、bump、bang、smash
内容简介
有位听众来信问:英语中四个可以表示 “磕碰” 的单词 “hit”、“bump”、“bang” 和 “smash” 该如何区分?我们在生活中注意安全的同时,有时难免会 “磕碰”,需要用英语表达这种意外。听本期 “你问我答” 节目,学习如何准确地使用这些词语。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Buli
And I'm Buli. This week we are answering this question:
Question
请问一下 “hit”、“bang”、“smash” 和 “bump” 这些可以表示 “身体部位被磕、碰、撞到” 的动词有什么区别?还有哪些可以表达相同或类似含义的动词?谢谢。
Beth
Great question, though not always a nice topic! We'll talk about the differences and similarities between these verbs, but should say that 'hit' is general, and a 'bump', 'bang' and 'smash' are all types of hitting.
Buli
是的,在这个问题中提到的四个动词中,“hit” 是用途最广泛的,它可以表示从 “击,打” 到 “碰撞,撞击” 等等许多和 “迅速、有力地碰撞和接触” 有关的动作。当我们想准确地描述是哪种碰撞方式时,就需要用到 “bang”、“smash”、“bump” 等不同的单词了。
Beth
Buli, I banged my head this morning getting out of the car.
Buli
Ouch! That must've hurt! And I hit my leg on the table when I sat down just now. 看来 Beth 和我最近都不小心磕到了自己,那么就让我们拿自己举例说明吧。
Beth
Let's start with 'hit'. When talking about a person hitting something, it's quite a general word that means you touch something with sudden force. Buli, you hit your leg on the table. It means your leg touched the table with force, by accident, and it probably hurt a bit.
Buli
我在坐下来以前,腿不小心碰到了桌子上 “hit my leg on the table”。这种 “意外的,可能有些疼的磕碰” 就可以用 “hit” 来表达。同时,“hit” 也可以用于描述 “主动地击打某个事物”。来听一组例句。
Example
She hit the ball back towards her opponent.
(她把球朝她的对手打了回去。)
You shouldn't hit your brother, even if he's annoying you.
(就算你的兄弟惹你不耐烦了,你也不应该打他。)
Beth
And 'hit' can be any kind of force. It could be forceful or not.
Buli
我们在使用 “hit” 时还需要注意的是,这个单词描述的力道可大可小,在想要说明具体 “碰到或击打某件事物的力度” 时,需要搭配不同的副词来使用。比如,“hit hard(使劲地击打)”。
下面我们要来学习的单词是 “bang”。“Bang” 在作动词时的意思是 “磕碰;猛敲”,它通常用来描述发出很大声音的动作。“Bang” 作名词时的其中一个意思就是 “‘bang’ 这种动作所造成的巨响”,是不是很有意思呢?
Beth
It can be quite severe or strong, and if you bang a part of your body, it's likely to be quite painful. I banged my head on the car door today, and it hurt!
Buli
And I bet it made a noise as you did it. Beth 刚才说早上不小心把头磕到了车门上 “banged her head on the car door”。联想到不小心磕到头时脑中那 “咚” 的一声,“磕” 这个动作就非常适合用 “bang” 这个词来形容了。刚才我们还提到 “bang” 作动词时有 “猛敲” 的意思,可以表达 “主动地,猛烈地敲打某物”。来听两个例句。
Examples
He banged his fist on the table. He was really angry, and it was quite scary.
(他拿拳头猛敲了一下桌面。他非常生气,样子看起来很可怕。)
It was after midnight. I banged on the door, but no one answered.
(当时已经是后半夜了。我猛敲了几下门,但没有人应声。)
Buli
上面的例子中我们可以听到,用 “bang” 来形容 “敲打的动作” 时,往往会突出动作的声音。比如,在夜半时分猛烈地敲门发出的声音非常突兀,所以用 “bang on the door” 来描述就很传神。除此之外,单词 “whack” 和 “bash” 的含义也和 “bang” 类似,都可以用来形容 “发出声音的强烈撞击”。那么,问题中的第三个单词 “bump” 又是如何使用的呢?
Beth
When someone 'bumps' something, it means they hit it – it can be with a small or large amount of force.
Buli
“Bump” 这个词通常用来形容 “某人不小心撞到或碰到某处”。因为 “bump” 和 “hit” 一样代表的力度是不确定的,因此如果有人说 “I bumped my head(我撞到头了)”的时候,我们就可以关心地询问 “How badly?(情况严重吗?)”。来听接下来的例句。
Examples
She fell over and bumped her knee. It'll bruise, but she'll be OK.
(她摔倒时磕到了膝盖。伤口可能会肿起来,但她没什么大碍。)
I always bump into this chair. Can you move it out of the way please?
(我总是撞到这张椅子。可以请你把它挪开吗?)
Beth
Now, 'bump' might mean you'll have a bruise, but 'smash' is much more severe.
Buli
和 “bump” 的时候受了点小伤相比,“smash(猛烈地撞击)” 导致的伤就严重得多了。如果一个人说 “I smashed my knee.(我把膝盖撞坏了。)”,那就意味着可能出现了骨折或流血等严重的情况。当然,“smash” 有时也会被用来夸张地形容一个原本并不猛烈的动作。
Beth
That's right. 'Smash' means to break into pieces. Glass or pottery can smash. Or, if you want to get into somewhere very desperately, you might have to smash a door down, or smash a window.
Buli
是的。“Smash” 还可以表示 “某样东西被击碎,打碎了”。我们可以打碎玻璃或陶瓷 “smash glass or pottery”,也可以砸坏门窗 “smash the door or window”。一起来听两个例句。
Examples
I smashed the door open because she was locked inside and there wasn't a key.
(我把门砸开了,因为她被锁在里面而我又找不到钥匙。)
His finger was smashed in the accident, and he had to have an operation.
(他的手指在事故中受到了严重的损伤,所以他不得不做手术。)
Buli
最后让我们来复习一下。“Hit” 是最常用来表达不同强度的 “击打,碰撞或磕碰” 等意思的单词;“bang”、“whack” 和 “bash” 都可以用来描述 “强烈地碰撞”,通常会伴随很大的声音;“bump” 用来描述 “不小心地碰到或撞到”,但动作的强烈程度并不确定;最后,“smash” 用来描述 “非常用力地击打” 或 “猛烈地撞击”,通常会导致受伤或物体碎裂。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language that you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!