你问我答
日常英语会话中的常用副词:basically、literally、actually
内容简介
一位听众来信询问如何在日常英语会话中使用像 literally, basically, actually 的这类副词。以英语为母语的人们在日常交流时,常常会在句首或句中使用这类副词。主持人 Georgie 和佳莹在本期 “你问我答” 节目中讲解这三个词的主要用法,同时补充一些日常会话中的常用副词,帮助你扩充词汇量。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Jiaying
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。With me, Jiaying.
Georgie
And me, Georgie. One of our listeners has asked us a question:
Question
常听到一些英语母语人士在说话的开头或中间单独使用一些副词,例如 “basically”、“literally” 和 “actually”。想知道还有哪些副词可以这样使用,以及它们的用法是什么?
Jiaying
下面,我们会讲解副词 “basically”、“literally” 和 “actually” 的主要用法,并且再来补充一些大家在日常交流时能用到的英语副词。
OK. Basically, using adverbs like these at the beginning or in the middle of sentences is a common way to emphasise or modify what you're saying in casual conversation.
Georgie
I was literally about to say the same thing! So, you just used 'basically' at the start of the sentence, and that indicated that you were about to summarise or simplify something.
Jiaying
刚才我在介绍副词在日常口语会话中的一个常见的用法时,在句子的开头用到了副词 “basically”,它的意思是 “从根本上讲,基本上”。来听两个分别在句中和句首使用了 “basically” 的例句。
Examples
The rules of the game are tricky, but basically, you need to score more points than your opponent.
(游戏规则很复杂,但基本上你需要比对手得到更多的分数。)
Basically, all we're going to do on holiday is read, eat good food and relax.
(我们在假期里基本要做的就是读书、吃美食和放松。)
Jiaying
Right. Georgie, 前面你说到的 “I was literally about to say the same thing!(我正要像你这样说呢!)”。这里,你用到了副词 “literally”。“Literally” 原本的含义是 “字面上地;逐字地”。
Georgie
Yes, for example, I might say: "You don't need to recite this poem literally, just tell me what it's about."
However, the way I used it earlier was for emphasis – I was excited because we had the same idea.
Jiaying
没错,你刚刚说 “literally” 的时候,意思其实是 “确实地,真正地”,用来强调你刚刚说过的话。
注意:在口语会话中,有一些人还会用 “literally” 来表达 “简直…” 的意思,起到加强、夸大所使用词句字面意义的作用。来听两个例句。
Examples
I ate so much at the restaurant; I was literally about to explode.
(我在餐厅吃得太多了,我简直快撑爆了。)
The movie was so sad, I was literally drowning in my tears.
(这部电影太悲伤了,哭得我泪如雨下。)
Jiaying
下面,我们来说一说 “actually”。“Actually” 常常表示 “实际上,其实” 的意思,可以用来纠正自己或他人说过的话,提出不同的意见;它也可以表示 “居然,竟然”,用来引出一件和预期相反或意外的事情。来听两个例句。
Examples
I want to have pizza for dinner tonight. Actually, let's have noodles.
(今晚晚餐我想吃披萨。我们还是吃面条吧。)
I usually don't like football, but I actually found today's match quite exciting!
(我通常不喜欢看球,但我居然觉得今天的足球比赛很精彩!)
Jiaying
好了,说完了问题中提到的三个副词,我们再来补充一些在日常英语会话中能用到的副词。
Georgie
Unfortunately, there are too many adverbs to cover in this programme, but here are some of our top picks. I just used 'unfortunately' which means you're sad or disappointed about the reality of a situation.
Jiaying
你用副词 “unfortunately(很不凑巧地)” 来表达了自己的遗憾之情。请听一个例句。
Example
Unfortunately, we missed the train, so we had to wait an hour for the next one.
(很不凑巧,我们错过了火车,所以不得不又等了一个小时才坐上下一班车。)
Jiaying
我们可以用副词 “honestly” 来表示 “老实说,说真的”,用来强调自己的真实观点。副词 “frankly” 也可以表达同样的含义,但它听起来更直接、更严肃,所以需要注意使用的场合和对象。听两个例句。
Examples
Honestly, I don't think the movie is as good as everyone says it is.
(老实说,我不认为这部电影像大家说的那么好。)
The customer service was, frankly, disgraceful.
(坦率地说,这家公司的客户服务太不像话了。)
Georgie
Another useful one is 'seriously', which you can use in a similar way to 'really'. It mostly conveys and emphasises importance. Jiaying, we've been in the studio for three hours. We should seriously think about getting some fresh air.
Jiaying
Seriously? Three hours? 我用副词 “seriously(真的)” 来表达了我强烈的怀疑或惊讶之情;而 Georgie 刚刚则用 “seriously” 来表示 “严肃地,认真地” 的意思:她说:“We should seriously think about getting some fresh air.”。
好了,上面我们讲了在日常英语对话中可以怎样使用不同的副词来强调你想要表达的意思。其中,“basically(基本上地)” 常用来引出你对一件事情的概括;“literally” 本身的含义是 “字面上地;逐字地” ,但如今,人们也常用它来强调或夸大自己想要说的话;“Honestly” 和 “frankly” 的意思是 “说真的,说实话”,它们都可以用来引出自己对一件事情的真实看法,但 “frankly” 听起来更直接、更严肃一些;我们还补充了 “seriously” 的用法,它可以用来强调事情很重要或用来表达怀疑或惊讶之情。
Georgie
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通过微博私信的方式向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye.
Georgie
Bye!