CATTI考试，作为重要的翻译考试，也是比较有社会价值的英语能力证书。对于大家参加CATTI考试的同学，大家在实际的备考中，应该如何更好的来复习备考?为了让大家能够更全面的准备CATTI考试，新东方在线小编为大家整理了“2023年CATTI三级英语笔译实务技巧：名词化结构”，让我们一起来学习备考吧!
名词化结构和非谓语动词形式
科技英语中大量使用名词化结构，这都是严谨正式的文体的需要。在译成汉语的时候，如果要保持原来的名词性结构，译文可能会显得冗长笨拙，此时便需要进行转换。而在汉译英的时候，如果要保持较正式的文体，则往往要将一些动词结构转换成名词性结构。这一点在第四课中也有论述，这里再举两例：
14) The really critical implication of the discovery still lies with the door that geneticists have opened on the environmental influences of our behaviour, our personalities and our health, and with the critical blow it strikes on the idea of biological determinism.
译文：此项新发现的关键意义仍与遗传学家开启的那扇大门有关。遗传学家们认为环境对人类的行为、性格和健康有影响。这一论断对’生物决定论’不啻是致命的打击。
15)由人参与操纵和控制飞船，可提高系统的可靠性，处理预料不到的紧急情况。
译文：Human involvement in the operation and control of the spaceship can increase the reliability of the system and help handle unpredictable emergencies.
科技文章的文体特点是由其内容的性质决定的。无论是英语还是汉语，大多都采取较正式的表达方式，语句结构都比较严谨，语气都比较客观，较少感情色彩，在翻译的时候应该照顾到这些文体特征。此外，科技文章的目的性往往很明确，即传递科技信息，因此，严谨的译者往往还会进行大量的考证，核实文中的数据和事实。
强化训练
Ⅰ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. It appears that the earth is the only planet that we know harbors life.
2. It is clear that the primitive magnetic south-pointing instrument appeared very early in China as a result of the knowledge people gained over long years of labor.
3. There are two important ways a cell can harvest energy from food: fermentation and cellular respiration.
4. There have been many mass extinctions throughout the history of the Earth, the most famous of which is probably the extinction that finally saw the end of the dinosaurs reign on the Earth 65million years ago.
5. If a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as a human being.
6. Today, a large number of transgenic animals have been produced worldwide for use in both basic and applied research.
7. Different from biologic warfare which attempts to kill, bioterrorism thrives on public fear, potentially immobilizing or demoralizing a population.
8. Computer-assisted decision support programs integrated with systems that cover each stage of the drug ordering and delivery process provide the most powerful prevention tools.
9. Dense tropical rainclouds distort the air flow aloft much as rocks distort the flow of a stream, or islands distort the winds that blow over them, but on a horizontal scale of thousands of miles.
10. We do not realize how much we depend on the earth's gravity until we are deprived of it, when our feet no longer stay on the ground, we float around in the air and the slightest touch may send us drifting off in the opposite direction.
Ⅱ. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.后来医学上出现了两大突破。
2.关于食盐是否会造成高血压，科学家尚未形成一致意见。
3.短期记忆在上午效果最佳，要比一天中的其他时间大约高出15%。
4.彩虹是阳光透过天空中的小水滴时形成的。
5.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
6.研究数据显示，如果宇宙文明是均匀地分布在整个宇宙间，那么它们彼此间很可能相距约1000光年。
7.月球距离地球遥远，绕地球旋转一周需要一个月时间，而人造卫星距离地球较近，绕地球旋转一周仅需要几个小时。
8.忧郁症不仅会造成人精神萎靡不振，还是直接影响人体免疫系统正常工作的杀手。
9.大气层可以防护有害辐射和太空碎片。
10.联合国一份报告指出，若不能有效制止人们继续破坏类人猿生活空间，则大猩猩、黑猩猩和猩猩等类人猿最迟会于50年后完全灭绝。
Ⅲ. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Genes and Behavior: A Twin Legacy
Biology may not be destiny, but genes apparently have a far greater influence on human behavior than is commonly thought. Similarities ranging from phobias to hobbies to bodily gestures are being found in pairs of twins separated at birth. Many of these behaviors are "things you would never think of looking at if you were going to study the genetics of behavior, " says psychologist Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr., director of the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research at the University of Minnesota.
Bouchard reports that so far, exhaustive psychological tests and questionnaires have been completed with approximately 50 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 25 pairs of fraternal twins reared apart and comparison groups of twins reared together. "We were amazed at the similarity in posture and expressive style, " says Bouchard. "It's probably the feature of the study that's grabbed us the most. " Twins tend to have similar mannerisms, gestures, speed and tempo in talking, habits, and jokes.
Many of the twins dressed in similar fashion — one male pair who had never previously met arrived in England sporting identical beards, haircuts, wire-rimmed glasses and shirts. One pair had practically the same items in their toilet cases, including the same brand of cologne and a Swedish brand of toothpaste.
Although many of the separated pairs had differing types of jobs and educational levels, the investigators are finding repeated similarities in hobbies and interests — one pair were both volunteer firefighters, one pair were deputy sheriffs, a male pair had similar workshops in their basements and a female pair had strikingly similar kitchen arrangements.
Bouchard doesn't have enough information on abnormal behavior or psychopathology to make generalizations, but he has found repeated similarities. One pair of women were both very superstitious ; another pair would burst into tears at the drop of a hat, and questioning revealed that both had done so since childhood. "They were on a talk show together and both started crying in response to one of the questions, " says Bouchard.
The most striking example of common psychopathology, however, came from a pair of fraternal twins reared apart. One had been reared by his own poor family; the other had been adopted into a "good solid upper — middle-class family. " Both are now considered to be antisocial personalities, suffering from lack of impulse control, and both have criminal histories. Although fraternal twins share, on average, 50 percent of their genes, Bouchard suggests that the overlap is probably considerably more with this pair.
Personality similarities between the identical twins reared apart are almost as pervasive as they are with identical twins reared together, according to the results of a test developed by University of Minnesota psychologist Auke Tellegen. His personality questionnaire contains scales such as "social closeness ", "harm avoidance" and "well-being ". The researchers were especially surprised to find that "traditionalism" — a trait implying conservatism and respect for authority —can be inherited. In fact, says Bouchard, his and other studies have found about 11 personality traits that appear to have significant genetic input.
Overall the emerging findings of the Minnesota study constitute a powerful rebuttal to those who maintain that environmental influences are the primary shaping forces of personality. The textbooks are going to have to be rewritten, Bouchard predicts.
Ⅳ. Translate the following passage into English.
人类正在加速进化
如今世界很多地方的人们都有充足的食物，生存繁殖比以往任何时候都更为容易，所以很容易以为人类已经停止了进化。但是一项颇具争议的新研究结果却不这么认为。据其分析，人类的进化速度非但不曾放缓，相反，在过去4万年里加快了速度，过去5000年更是加快了100倍。这意味着尽管有些人游走异乡，与异族人通婚，但各大洲大多数人正在变得越来越不同，他们的基因并没有越来越同质化。
1800个人类基因已加快了进化，占人类基因组的7%。大多数基因突变都因人口猛增而产生。人口增长时，基因突变也会增加，这就提升了产生有益的基因变体的机会，这种有益的基因变体将提升人类的生存能力，并在整个人群中传播(这和大群昆虫制造抗杀虫剂的基因的速度比小群快是同样道理)。
研究人员没有破译大部分进化的基因，但他们说其中很多似乎都是应对人类饮食变化，和人类农垦初期曾肆虐过的中毒疾病卷土重来的结果。有些基因突变使成人能够消化淀粉、脂肪酸和牛奶中的乳糖。还有些增强了人类抵御疟疾、爱滋病和黄热病等疾病的能力。
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