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职称英语考试重点语法精讲:比较状语从句

2013.11.05 10:02

  5) 比较状语从句:

  这是英语语法必考内容,要特别加以重视。

  基本概念:两个比较级,三个或三个以上最高级。要对数字"2"特别敏感,试选择:

  Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?

  A. smart B.the smartest

  C. more smarter D.the smarter

  解题思路:很显然这是一道考形容词比较级的题目,从句子结构和选题A可以判断smart是个形容词原级,因此可以断定C的形式错了(重复比较,如不能说more happier 一样的道理)。B是最高级,但句中只有两个人Mary 和Jane,因此正确答案只能是D,这是一个较特殊的比较级句型,即the + 形容词比较级 + of (两个)。

  比较级的主要句型:

  (1) 原级比较:as +形容词或副词原级+ as, 否定式:not so (或as) +形容词或副词原级+ as

  注意问题:as…as 之间的形容词或副词是否采用了原级;as…as 之间该用形容词还是副词;用as much as 还是用as many as

  表示倍数时用下面结构, 如3倍:three times as …as…

  例如:

  The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.

  A.three times as much as B.as three times much as

  C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as

  解题思路:B、C违反了上述句型规定,A、D的区别是size(大小 / 尺寸)是与much搭配还是与big搭配,D是对的。

  (2) 比较级:more …than…

  注意:

  1) 比较形式是否正确,如是否有类似"more better"这样重复比较的错误;

  2)两者之间是比较级,三者以上是最高级,看看是"两者"还是"三者或三者以上;

  3)只有同类的人或物才能比较(可比性);比较不能包括"自己", 常用other表示排除。

  例如不能说:

  He is taller than any students in this class.

  而应说:

  He is taller than any other student(s) in this class.

  4)修饰比较级的词有:much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等,例如:

  John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse (than John did).

  你能看出下句的问题吗?

  His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher. ( 他是个公共汽车司机,他的工资要比教师高。)

  该句有两个大错1)high的比较级为higher,2)主语his salary(他的工资)而比较对象是a teacher,两者不可比,怎样的表达才是对的呢?请选择:

  His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.

  A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher

  C.than a teacher's D.than that of a teacher's

  正确答案是C,也可以写成than that of a teacher(请联系名词格的概念想一想)

  最高级the most of +比较范围 / 最高级+名词+that (不是which)定语从句,例如:

  This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. (这是我看过的最有趣的电影。)

  the more…the more…

  The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them. (眼镜戴的时间越长越有依赖性。)

  考试时,一般只要认准"the" 和比较级形式就不难判别。

  其他表示比较意思的形式

  A is superior / inferior to B(A 比B高级 / 低级)

  注意:superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.

  例如:

  Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.(人比动物高级在于人能用语言进行交际。)

  prefer… rather than (宁可…而不…)

  例如:

  I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there. (我宁可呆在外面受冷,也不在那儿过夜。)

  Would rather…than… ……(用法和意思与上句型差不多)


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