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　　New words and expressions 生词短语

　　本课与 20 课相类似

　　鼓起精神 take heart 振作起来 beef up

　　Ⅰ、words

　　▲culminate vi.鼎盛，达到顶点

　　n.culmination n.(顶点,多用做抽象意义)/summit n.顶峰/peak/top

　　He reaches/attains the culmination in his thirties.他三十岁达到了顶峰。

　　His efforts culminate in his success.他的努力终于使他成功了。(culmite=lead to

　　His efforts culminate in the prosperity of his family.

　　His efforts culminate in failure.他的努力付诸东流。

　　His excessive drinking culminates in his moral

　　degeneration/decay.他的过度饮酒导致他道德败

　　坏

　　mend one's morals 改过自新

　　decayvt 衰亡，腐烂

　　同义词：rot 见第二课

　　My health decays.我的身体江河日下。

　　Tooth decays.牙齿咬不动东西了。

　　testimony n 证据=evidence testmen n.证人 testify v.

　　Bear/produce the testimony to his innocence.我证明他无罪。

　　oral 证词/verbal 证词/ material 物证

　　▲inherentadj 固有的

　　the sloth that inherent in him 天生的懒惰

　　inbred 天生的 inbuilt 嵌入的 ingrain 根深蒂固的 deep-rooted 根深蒂固的

　　faintlyadv 不明显的

　　faint 微弱的

　　The light is so faint.光线太暗。

　　I fainted.我晕了过去。

　　tendencyn 倾向

　　I have the tendency to shop.我是个购物狂。

　　I have the tendency to smoke/read.我是个烟鬼/书迷

　　trend 潮流/inclination(自己的)倾向 /current 潮流(更常用)

　　vanish

　　vi 消失见 26 课

　　▲a set of一批后只跟 sth 不跟 sb

　　a set of rules 一系列规则/a set of equipmeng 一套设备/a set of furniture 一套家具/a set

　　of short

　　stories 短篇小说集

　　▲sheeradj 纯粹的

　　sheer brandy 纯白兰地/sheer liar 大骗子/sheer rubbish 一派胡言

　　emphasize vt 强调 n.emphasis

　　place/lay/put emphsis……on

　　We have to place emphasis on construction of civilization.我们要加强文明建设。

　　同义词：underline/spotlight

　　at the cost of 以……位代价=at the ptice of=sactifice v.牺牲，n 牲

　　I learn English at the cost of my holidays.

　　▲commuteadv 即刻地 n.commuter 通勤者/commuter time/rush hour 上下班时间

　　There is a New York or commuters devoured by locusts in the day and spit

　　out at night.

　　It's commuter time,I will go.要下班了，我要走了。

　　instantaneously adv.即刻地

　　instant noodles 方便面，快餐面

　　in no time 快，很快

　　I will come in no time.我马上回来。

　　sermonn 布道

　　preach a sermon by a priest 牧师布道

　　▲profoundly adv 深刻地

　　profound theory 深奥的理论

　　bid for Olympics 申奥

　　profound sleep 死睡/sleep like a log 睡得像猪/eat like a dog

　　Notes on the text 课文注释

　　This is about civilization and industry.That is theassociation between

　　industry and civilization.

　　Each civilization is born( 产生), it culminates, and itdecays①. There is a

　　widespread testimony thatthis ominous(ominous 不吉祥地) fact is due to②inherent

　　biological defects(biological defect 生物地缺陷，指前文中的产生、发展、灭亡的过程) in thecrowded life

　　of cities③. Now, slowly and at firstfaintly, an opposite tendency④ is showing

　　itself⑤.Better roads and better vehicles ⑥at first induced the wealthier classes

　　to live on the outskirtsof the cities. The urgent need ⑦for defence had also

　　vanished. This tendency is now spreadingrapidly downwards⑧. But a new set of

　　conditions is just showing itself. Up to the present time,throughout the

　　eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the Home in

　　theimmediate suburbs⑨, but concentrated manufacturing activity, Business

　　relations(商业贸易), government, and pleasure in

　　the centres of the cities. Apart from(除了) the care of children and periods

　　of sheer rest, theactive lives (活动生活，主要生活)were spent in the cities. In some

　　ways(在某些方式上而言) theconcentration of such activities was even more emphasized, and

　　the Homes were pushedoutwards even at the cost of the discomfort

　　(：menace，威胁，不舒适) commuting. But, ifweof examine(探究) the trend of technology

　　during the past generation, the reasons for thisconcentration(指前文 relations

　　、government, and pleasure ) largely disappearing. Stillmore,are the reasons for

　　the choice of sites for cities are also altering.(下文解释说明)Mechanical power can be

　　transmitted for hundreds of miles, men can communicate almostinstantaneously by

　　telephone, the chiefs of great organizations can be transported by airplanes,the

　　cinemas can produce plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can

　　bebroadcast. Almost every reason for the growth of the cities, concurrently with

　　the growth ofcivilization has been profoundly modified.

　　①例句：A man is born,he culminates/grows up,and he decays/dies.

　　②due to=becouse of，而 due to 多指不好之意

　　Due to my carelessness/drinking/overspeeding

　　③本句看试与首句不相关联，但前句中的 civilization 城市生活多半代表了文明的含义，而countryside

　　多有backward(落后)、supersitious (迷信的)，故由前句讲到本句的城市生活。

　　④opposite tendency 相反的倾向，指与城市生活拥挤不堪相反

　　⑤showing itself 显露迹象

　　suggest itself

　　As time goes on,the adwantage of my sound English is showing

　　itself.随着时光流逝，我良好的英语功底终于派上用场了!

　　⑥vehide(in Britain)/lorry or motocar,automobile(in America)

　　induce 归纳 from every point to the center

　　induced=attracted

　　outskirts:it is only within the city but actually it is outer city

　　⑦urgent need 迫切需求,指人们开始搬到市郊居住，使得城市的应急防护就显得不必要了

　　⑧downwards 向下转移

　　I am Homeward.我朝家里走去。

　　I am schoolward.我上学去。

　　I am eastward.我向东走去

　　I am restaurantward.我吃饭去。

　　I am bridgeward.我向桥上走去。

　　I am bookstoreward.我买书去。

　　⑨ city-outskirts-suburb：expansion outward 向外扩展

　　immediate:近的，接近的

　　immediate goal 近期目标

　　long term goal 长期目标

　　immediate boss 顶头上司

　　concentrate 集中，若后接抽象内容则需加 on，具体事物则不必。

　　concentrate on my studies 集中学习

　　作者：A.N Whitehead(1861-1947)，a philosopher

　　1924,he became the professor of University of Havard.He wrote a very famous

　　book'principia of

　　mathematic'与人合著者(coauthors)

　　giant in philosophy 哲学巨人

　　the greatest logician 最伟大地逻辑学家

　　If you roll off my log, I will roll off yours.你捧我，我也捧你。

　　本单元：lesson24、29、26、27、28(注重句型)需详细解读。

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