『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 35 Task 4口语练习：<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427308/6c6ca96555ae4a8892dd1563e29751f8.jpg">
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 U原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 35 Task 4口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 35 Task 4口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：来听考古学课上讲座的部分内容。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an Archaeology class.

教授：好的，我们知道，考古学家从过去的文明中发现一些东西，

Professor: OK, so as we know, archaeologists discover objects from past civilizations,

像旧陶器，旧工具，甚至是旧的布料。

stuff like old pottery, old tools, even sometimes old bits of fabric.

他们检测这些文物，以了解过去的文明。

And they examine these artifacts to learn about past civilizations.

但是为什么有些文物保存得足够好以至保存几千年，

But why are some artifacts preserved well enough to last for thousands of years,

而另一些则逐渐消逝和消失呢？

while others just wear away and disappear？

好吧，这很大程度上与在发现文物的地区的环境条件有关。

Well, a lot of it has to do with the environmental conditions in the area where the artifacts are found.

在导致腐烂的细菌不太可能生长的环境中，文物保存得更好。

Artifacts are preserved better in environments where the bacteria that cause decay are less likely to grow.

那么让我们来看看两个抑制细菌生长的环境条件，

So let's look at two environmental conditions that discourage bacterial growth,

and thus help preserve archaeological artifacts.

一种环境条件是抑制细菌生长的，

One environmental condition that inhibits bacterial growth,

并且帮助保存文物，也就是干燥环境，缺乏水分。

and helps preserve artifacts, is aridity, lack of moisture.

在干燥的环境中，导致腐烂的细菌无法很好地存活，而在干燥的气候条件下，没有太多水分的干燥环境也不会腐烂。

Bacteria that cause decay can't survive well in dry environments,

而且，在干旱的气候条件下没有水分，人工制品不会很快腐烂。

and artifacts don't decay as fast in arid climates without much moisture.

在这样的气候条件下，人们发现了许多保存最完好的考古文物。

So many of the best preserved archaeological artifacts have been found in such climates.

考古学家已经发现了超过二千年的古墓，

archaeologists have found tombs more than two thousand years old,

墙上有色彩鲜艳的壁画，那些壁画，

with brightly-coloured wall paintings in them, and those wall paintings, well,

它们的颜色和今天的画一样清晰明亮。

their colours were still as clear and bright as a painting made today.

Another environmental condition is lack of oxygen.

细菌和所有生物一样，依赖于氧气来生长。

Bacteria, like all living things, depend on oxygen to grow.

因此，当它们在几乎没有氧气的环境中时，它们通常保存得很好，

So artifacts are usually well preserved when they end up in environments that contain little or no oxygen,

like, for example, the bottom of the ocean,

在那里，考古学家发现了一艘古老的船，它沉入了地中海海底的淤泥中。

which is where archaeologists found an ancient ship that had sunk and settled into the mud at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.

and the vases were still intact and remarkably well preserved.

<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427308/6c6ca96555ae4a8892dd1563e29751f8.jpg">
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 Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two environmental conditions that help preserve archaeological artifacts.
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