『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 56 Task 4口语练习：<img src="/upload/ti/sardine/2598000-2599000/2598378/1512c9a9f1aa4331bbd96ab4b56c92b4.png">&nbsp;
<p原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 56 Task 4口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 56 Task 4口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：倾听一段历史课讲座的节选。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a history class.

教授：Ok，我们之前讨论过影响美国经济的一些因素。其中尤其重要的一个就是铁路的发展。

Professor: Okay. So we've been talking about various factors that have changed the United States's economy. And one especially important factor was the development of railroads.

铁路系统遍布美国全境的时候，从根本上改变了这个国家商业运作的方式。

When the railroad system expanded throughout most of the United States, it fundamentally changed the way business was done in this country.

从一方面说，铁路的发展使得公司能在全国范围内售卖它们的商品。因为火车能把商品运到美国全境了，公司也就能把产品卖到全国基本上所有地方。

For one thing, expansion of the railroads enabled companies to start selling their goods all across the country. Since trains could now transport merchandise all over the United States, companies could now sell goods to consumers pretty much anywhere in the country.

打个比方，从前有个卖钟表的大公司。这个公司是在一个大城市建立的。

For example, there was a big company that sold clocks. The company started in a big city.

铁路大发展以前，这个公司只能把表卖给临近该城市的人。但随着铁路的建设，这个公司就可以把表装车运到全国各地。

And before the development of the railroads, the company could only sell its clocks to people who lived in or near that city. But when the railroads expanded, the company could loaded its clocks on the trains and have them delivered to all parts of the country.

铁路改变美国商业运行的方式还体现在，它使得公司可以在新的地点建厂。

Railroads also changed business in the U.S. by making it possible to open factories in new locations.

很多工厂的机器必须以特定原料，比如煤，为燃料。铁路使得这些原料可以被运输到非原料产区。

Many factories had machines that were powered by certain raw materials, like coal. And railroads made it possible to transport those raw materials to areas of the country where they weren't found naturally.

美国南方就是个很好的例子。南方部分地区不是天然产煤区。

A good example is some factories in the southern United States. In certain parts of the south, there wasn't much naturally-occurring coal.

所以，铁路大发展之前，这些地方工厂不多，因为没有煤炭一类的原料发动工厂的机器。

So before the expansion of the railroads, there weren't many factories there, because there were no raw materials like coal to provide power for the factories’ machines.

但随着铁路深入南方，煤炭可以从其他地方运来，所以这些地方也建了新的工厂。

But after railroad lines were built in the south, coal could be brought in from other parts of the country. So new factories were able to open there.

<img src="/upload/ti/sardine/2598000-2599000/2598378/1512c9a9f1aa4331bbd96ab4b56c92b4.png">&nbsp;
<p>Using the examples from the lecture, explain two ways the railroad system changed business in the United States.<br>&nbsp;</p>