『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 41 Task 3口语练习：Primacy Effect &nbsp;
When people form opin原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 41 Task 3口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 41 Task 3口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：现在听一节心理学课上关于这个话题的部分内容。

Narrator: Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a Psychology class.

教授：这是我自己生活的一个例子。

Professor: Here's an example from my own life.

我在实验室做了一年的研究助理。

I worked as a research assistant in a laboratory for a year.

Well, during my very first week on the job,

我向我的老板提出了一个建议，提出了改进我们实验方式的方法。

I made a suggestion to my boss on how we could improve the way we were running an experiment.

实验成功了，我们取得了很好的成果。

The experiment was successful, and we got great results.

我的老板认定，也许他还并没有意识到，

my boss decided, perhaps without even realizing it,

他就认定我是一个很棒的研究助理，

he decided I was a great research assistant,

此后也从来没有改变过他的想法。

在第一个星期之后，我还不错，你知道，就一般般。

After that first week, I was, I was okay, you know, average.

但我也犯了错误，每个人都会犯。

但每当我的老板把我介绍给别人时，

But whenever my boss introduced me to someone,

他会说，这是约翰，我们的明星研究助理。

he'd say, this is John, our star research assistant.

但是我的一个同事，她就没有那么幸运了。

But a coworker of mine, she wasn't as fortunate.

在实验室的第一个星期，她犯了一个大错误，

Her first week at the lab, she made a big mistake,

但这花费了实验室的时间和金钱。

好吧，我们的老板在那周就认定我的同事不可靠，不称职，

Well, our boss concluded that week that my coworker was unreliable, incompetent,

她变成了一个很好的研究助力，可能比我更好。

she turned out to be a good research assistant, probably better than me.

她犯了一些其他的小错误，就像我说的，每个人都会犯。

She made some other small mistakes, like I said everyone does.

但是我们的老板认为她不可靠……因为他只注意到她的错误。

But our boss thought of her as unreliable... 'cause he only noticed her mistakes.

Primacy Effect &nbsp;
When people form opinions about a person or a situation, those opinions are likely to be based on first impressions, on an initial assessment of the person or situation. In other words, the opinions we have of people or situations tend to be based much more on the first information we learn&nbsp;about them than on information we learn later. This tendency is called the primacy effect. Researchers believe that the primacy effect occurs because after people have made an initial judgment, they tend to notice evidence that supports that judgment, and disregard or fail to notice evidence that contradicts it.&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
<img src="/upload/image/1516851906827.jpg">
 &nbsp;&nbsp;
 Using the two examples from the professor’s lecture, explain what is meant by “the primacy effect" and how it can affect our opinions.
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