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旁白：听一听食品科学课上的部分演讲。

Narrator: Listen to part of a talk in a Food Science class.

教授：每个人都知道食物会腐坏，

Professor: Everyone knows food can become spoiled,

通常的原因是在食物中自然生长的有害细菌。

Usually the cause is harmful bacteria that grow naturally in food.

所以防止食物变质的最好方法之一就是减缓细菌的生长。

So one of the best ways to prevent food from spoiling is to slow down bacterial growth.

那么，是什么影响了细菌生长的速度呢？

Well, what influences how fast bacteria grow?

你需要通过控制这些因素来减缓细菌的生长。

you need to slow bacterial growth by controlling these factors.

Why is controlling temperature so important?

因为导致食物变质的细菌在温暖的温度下生长得很快，在更冷的温度下会更慢。

Because the bacteria that cause food spoilage grow fast at warm temperatures and more slowly at cooler temperatures.

当你的食物保持凉爽时，它会保鲜更长时间，对吧？

When your food is kept cool, it lasts longer, right?

例如，在温暖的日子里，在阳光下的新鲜鱼会在几小时内变质。

For example, fresh fish left out in the sun on a warm day will spoil in a few hours.

it will keep for months and months, right?

这是因为低温会大大减缓细菌的生长速度。

Well that's because low temperatures drastically slow down bacterial growth.

水分是你需要控制的另一个因素。

Now I said that moisture is another factor you need to control.

每一种生物都需要水分，细菌也不例外。

And every living thing needs moisture and bacteria are no exception.

富含水分的食物提供了细菌生长所需的水分。

Food that's high in water content provides the moisture that bacteria need to grow.

让我们来比较两种不同的牛奶，好吗？

Let's...let's compare two different kinds of milk, OK?

让我们比较一下普通的液态奶和干奶粉。

Let's compare regular liquid milk with dried powdered milk.

普通的牛奶很快就会变质，对吧？

但是，粉状的牛奶可以储存相当长的时间。

But milk in powder form can be stored quite a long time.

Of course, bacteria are present in powdered milk too,

但是粉状和普通牛奶之间的区别在于水的含量。

but what's different between powdered and regular milk is the water content.

Powdered milk has had the water, the moisture, removed.

And without moisture bacteria can't grow.

几乎任何新鲜的食物都会比干粮更容易变质。

Just about any fresh food will spoil more quickly than a dried food.

<img src="/upload/ti/2340000-2341000/2340930/eaed83bb1b6b4973850798f508646107.png">
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 Using points and the examples from the talk, explain two ways of preventing food spoilage and why they are effective.
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