『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 7 Task 3口语练习：Behavior Modification &nbsp;
Individuals often modify原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 7 Task 3口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 7 Task 3口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：现在听一节心理学课上关于这个话题的部分内容。

Narrator: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic in a Psychology class.

教授：这经常发生在学校的孩子身上。

Professor: This happens all the time with kids in schools.

假设有一个小男孩或女孩刚开始上学。

Say there's a little boy or girl who is just starting school.

嗯，他们并不是真的习惯了在课堂上正确的行为准则，

Well, they're not really used to the rules about proper behavior for a classroom,

当他们应该坐着的时候，在教室里走来走去，

walk around the classroom when they're supposed to be sitting down,

当他们这样做的时候，老师就会生气。

Well, the teacher gets angry with them when they act this way.

当其他人都被允许出去玩的时候，他们必须坐在自己的桌前，

They have to sit at their desks when everyone else is allowed to go outside and play,

很快他们就会知道这种行为会给他们带来麻烦。

Soon they'll learn that this kind of behavior gets them in trouble.

他们还会知道，当他们举手向老师讲话时，

They'll also learn that when they raise their hand to talk to the teacher,

然后安静地坐着，上课时注意听讲，

and sit quietly and pay attention during class,

老师告诉他们，她为他们感到骄傲，

The teacher tells them she's proud of them,

也许在他们的家庭作业上放一些快乐的表情贴纸。

and maybe puts little happy face stickers on their homework.

现在他们的行为得到了老师的良好反应，

Now that their behavior gets a good reaction from the teacher,

孩子们学习在课堂上总是这样做，而不像以前那样行事。

the kids learn to always act this way in class and not behave the way they used to.

Behavior Modification &nbsp;
Individuals often modify their behavior based on what they have learned about the possible consequences of their actions. When an individual learns through experience that a certain behavior results in pleasant consequences, that behavior is likely to be repeated. An unpleasant consequence, on the other hand, discourages further repetition of the behavior. While behavior modification can be observed in experiments, it also occurs frequently in everyday settings, when individuals change their behavior based on what they have learned about the consequences of that behavior. &nbsp;
 
 
 
<img src="/upload/ti/2426000-2427000/2426872/d62182f14433430299fb9f870f46fc44.jpg">
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Using the example from the lecture, explain what behavior modification is and how it works. &nbsp;
 
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