『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 15 Task 3口语练习：Experimenter Effect &nbsp;
One objective of原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 15 Task 3口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 15 Task 3口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：现在听一节心理学课上关于这个话题的部分内容。

Narrator: Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a Psychology class.

我最近读到一个案例，在这个案例中，给了一个研究人员两组猴子。

I recently read about a case in which a researcher was given two groups of monkeys.

他被要求训练这些猴子捡起一个球并把它放进一个盒子里。

And he was asked to train these monkeys to pick up a ball and put it in a box.

他被告知要记录训练每只猴子学习做这个的时间。

And he was told to record how many hours it took to train each monkey to learn to do this.

研究人员被告知一组猴子非常聪明，

the researcher was told that one group of monkeys was highly intelligent,

and that the other group was less intelligent.

事实上，它们之间并没有什么不同。

In truth, there was no difference between them.

所有的猴子在智力方面都非常相似。

All the monkeys were actually very similar in terms of intelligence.

但是研究人员并不知道这一点。

所以他希望这群猴子更容易训练。

so he expected that that group would be easier to train.

研究人员训练猴子来做这个动作，

the researcher trained the monkeys to perform the action,

他少花了两个小时的时间来训练那些被认为是聪明的猴子，比起不那么聪明的猴子来说。

it took him two hours less time to train the supposedly smart monkeys than the supposedly less intelligent monkeys.

事实证明，对于那些被认为是聪明的猴子，

it turns out that with the supposedly smart monkeys,

研究人员经常对它们笑，给了它们很多鼓励，

the researcher smiled at them a lot, gave them a lot of encouragement,

和它们说了很多话，努力和它们交流。

talked to them a lot, worked hard to communicate with them.

但是对于那些他认为不那么聪明的猴子，

But with the monkeys he thought were less intelligent,

他没有那么努力，也没有那么乐观。

He didn't try quite as hard, wasn't quite as optimistic.

Experimenter Effect &nbsp;
One objective of any experiment is, of course, to obtain accurate results. Sometimes, however, problems occur that lead to inaccurate results. One such problem is the experimenter effect. The experimenter effect occurs when a researcher’s expectations affect the outcome of the experiment. The researcher expects a particular result from the experiment, and that expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that influence the behavior of the experiment participants, thereby invalidating the results of the experiment.&nbsp;
 
<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427087/e1221b99c7964050a87ea2a3e23635c6.jpg">
 &nbsp;
 Explain how the example from the professor’s lecture illustrates the experimenter effect.
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