『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 17 Task 4口语练习：<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427097/91193d9c043f466fa03f097749a5c5d9.jpg">
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 U原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 17 Task 4口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 17 Task 4口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：来听社会学课堂上的部分演讲。

Narrator: Listen to part of the talk in a Sociology class.

教授：现在让我们讨论一个特定的文化过程，扩散。

Professor: Now let's talk about a particular cultural process, diffusion.

不同的文化在它们接触的时候利用了彼此的创新。

diverse cultures have taken advantage of one another's innovations when they've come into contact.

扩散是一种文化的过程，凭借着一种习俗，一种食物，

Diffusion is the process whereby something cultural, like a custom, a type of food,

或者一项发明从一个群体传播到另一个群体，或者从一个社会到另一个社会。

or an invention is spread from one group to another, or from one society to another.

一群人接受一种文化，或者有选择性地仅仅接受另一种文化的一部分，明白了？

One group adopts a cultural item, or more selectively just part of a cultural item of another group, you see?

其实扩散可以通过多种方式实现：军事征服或旅游，

Now diffusion can occur through a variety of ways: military conquest or tourism,

或者……甚至是像卫星电视节目在世界各地的影响一样。

or...  even something like the influence of satellite TV shows around the world.

举个例子，以在美国读一份现代报纸为例。

For example, take something like reading a modern newspaper here in the U.S.

你有没有想过，你在阅读的页面上的字母和字符，

Have you ever thought about where the letters, the characters on the page you're reading,

它们是在许多世纪前从另一种文化中借用的。

They were borrowed from another culture many centuries ago.

文字印刷，这个过程是在德国发明的。

Then the printing of the words, well, that process was invented in Germany.

最后，纸本身，纸是在中国发明的。

And finally, the paper itself, paper was invented in China.

随着时间的推移，来自世界各地的这些创新在不同的文化中被分享。

These innovations from all over the world were shared across cultures over time.

And so today we have newspapers in the US.

因此，扩散的过程可能发生在很长的距离和很长的一段时间内。

So the process of diffusion might take place over long distances and over long periods of time.

Now I'm not saying that diffusion happens easily.

正如我提到的，有时是有选择性的。

As I mentioned, sometimes it's selective.

例如，许多美国人接受了针灸，

For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture,

针灸是中国使用针来治疗疾病或减轻疼痛的疗法。

the Chinese practice of using needles to cure disease or relieve pain.

很多美国人都意识到针灸是有效的，

So lots of people in the US have realized that acupuncture is effective,

但他们中很少有人完全理解或致力于针灸背后的原理。

but few of them fully understand or have committed themselves to the philosophy behind acupuncture.

文化倾向于抵制那些看起来太陌生、太不同于自己的信仰和价值观的想法。

Cultures tend to resist ideas which seem too foreign, too different from their own beliefs and values.

但是那些没有被认为太不同的想法经常被融入，被吸收，渗透到他们的文化中。

But the ideas which aren't perceived as too different are often incorporated, absorbed, diffused into their culture.

所以针灸疗法已经被美国文化所吸收，

So the practice of acupuncture has been absorbed into U.S culture,

but not the philosophies of Chinese medicine.

<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427097/91193d9c043f466fa03f097749a5c5d9.jpg">
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 Using points and examples from the talk, explain the concept of diffusion.&nbsp;
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