『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 17 Task 3口语练习：Ritualization &nbsp;
Sociobiologists believ原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 17 Task 3口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 17 Task 3口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：现在听一节动物学课上关于这个话题的部分内容。

Narrator: Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a Zoology class.

教授：让我们从一个你可能熟悉的例子开始。

Professor: Let's start with an example you may be familiar with.

当狗狗感到威胁的时候，它们通常会做什么呢，

What's one thing dogs typically do when they feel threatened, 

我们知道这种行为意味着“离我远点”。

we know this behavior means basically "stay away".

下面是这个行为如何成为一个可识别的警告。

Now here's how this behavior became a recognizable warning.

狗感知危险时，会去咬任何威胁它的动物。

a dog sensing danger would get ready to bite whatever animal was threatening it.

但是做这件事的目的很简单，狗本能地确保它不会咬自己的嘴唇当它咬到另一只动物的时候。

But the purpose of doing this was something very simple.

狗本能地确保当它咬到另一只动物的时候它不会咬自己的嘴唇，对吧？

The dog instinctively was making sure it wouldn't bite its own lips when it bit the other animal. OK?

其他的狗，其他动物，随着时间的推移，

它们了解到，在狗咬人之前，这种暴露牙齿的动作总是会出现。

they learned that this teeth-baring always came before a dog was going to bite.

所以它们开始把它解读为一个信号，要小心，远离，否则就会被咬。

And so they started to read it as a signal to be careful, to keep away or risk getting bitten.

这也导致了狗意识到，通过简单的展示它的牙齿，

also led to the dog's awareness that by simply showing its teeth,

a lot of the time, that was protection enough.

一个简单的身体准备已经发展成一种防御机制。

What had been a simple physical preparation to bite had developed into a kind of defense mechanism in and of itself.

The dog learned it did not need to actually attack,

但是通过露出它的牙齿来传达攻击的可能性，就可以得到想要的结果。

but could get the right result from just communicating the possibility of an attack through showing its teeth.

它开始将这种行为作为警告信号。

It started to use this behavior as a warning signal.

Ritualization &nbsp;
Sociobiologists believe that some communicative behavior in animals is developed through a process called ritualization. In this process, the purpose of a given behavior changes over time—a behavior that originally had a practical purpose develops into one that communicates a specific message. For example, a certain movement or physical feature might evolve to serve as a signal or a warning that other animals will understand. Once a behavior is ritualized, it becomes a form of communication; therefore, if an animal engages in this behavior, other animals will be able to interpret the meaning of the behavior quickly and respond appropriately.&nbsp;
 
<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427096/94c5f730a2f64d67907bb5dbc220c409.jpg">
 &nbsp;
 Explain the concept of rituatization using the example of dogs discussed by the professor.
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