『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 20 Task 4口语练习：<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427117/93d4de693d7644d7be3183d4ecc55cc9.jpg">
 &nbsp;
 U原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 20 Task 4口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 20 Task 4口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：现在来听心理学课上讲座的部分内容。

Narrator: Now listen to part of a lecture in a Psychology class.

Professor: When people are in difficult situations,

有时他们会感到无助或心理上的痛苦。

sometimes they experience feelings of helplessness or psychological pain.

他们会无意识地使用一种叫做防御机制的策略来保护自己的心理免受痛苦情绪的伤害。

They unconsciously use strategies called defense mechanisms to protect themselves psychologically from their painful emotions.

呃，假设一个女人养了一只宠物狗。

她养这条狗已经有很长时间了，

and he's kept her company and guarded her for years.

这个女人到处找，问别人是否见过她的狗，但她就是找不到他。

This woman looks everywhere and asks other people if they've seen her dog, but she just can't find him.

现在她感到无助和悲伤，因为她想念她的狗，

Now she feels helpless and sad because she misses her dog,

所以她会无意识地找到方法来处理她的痛苦感受。

so she'll unconsciously find ways to deal with her painful feelings.

她可能使用的一种防御机制是幻想。

One defense mechanism she might use is fantasy.

有了幻想，这个女人就用她的想象力。

With fantasy, the woman uses her imagination.

与其对失去的狗感到无助和悲伤，

So instead of just feeling helpless and sad about her lost dog,

她在脑海中创造了一个快乐的故事。

她可能会想，一个很好的家庭找到了他并悉心照料，

She might imagine that, uh, a nice family found him and feeds him,

她会想象这只狗在玩耍，到处跑，玩得很开心。

She'll picture the dog playing, running around, having fun.

因为这个幻想，她不需要为她的狗跑掉而感到悲伤。

Because of this fantasy, she doesn't have to feel sad about her dog running away.

这不是真的，但它能让她远离痛苦。

It's not real, but it keeps her pain away.

她可能使用的另一种防御机制是我们所说的升华。

Another defense mechanism she might use is what we call sublimation.

升华不同于幻想，因为升华不是假装的。

Sublimation is different from fantasy because sublimation isn't about pretending.

它是关于把消极情绪变成有用的，实用的东西。

It's about turning negative emotions into something useful, practical.

所以这个女人可能会开办一所狗训练学校。

So the woman might start a dog-training school.

也许她能帮助阻止别人的狗像她的狗那样跑丢。

perhaps she can help prevent other people's dogs from running away like hers did.

换句话说，将升华作为一种防御机制，

In other words, with sublimation as a defense mechanism,

这名女子将她的负面情绪重新定向到一个积极的、有建设性的活动中。

the woman redirects her negative feelings about losing her dog into a positive, constructive activity.

<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427117/93d4de693d7644d7be3183d4ecc55cc9.jpg">
 &nbsp;
 Using points and examples from the talk, describe the two defense mechanisms mentioned by the professor.
 &nbsp;&nbsp;