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托福TPO/Official 21 Task 4口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：来听历史课上讲座的一部分。

Narrator: Listen to a part of a lecture from a History class.

The professor is talking about the Industrial Revolution.

教授：回到18世纪，在一个被称为工业革命的时代，

Professor: Back in the 18th century, in a time known as the Industrial Revolution,

有些国家，尤其是英国，开始使用新技术，

some countries, well, England, in particular, started using new technology,

比如用蒸汽动力的机器生产商品。

like steam-powered machines to produce goods.

这些机器的使用带来了一些重大的变化。

And the use of these machines brought about some significant changes.

让我们看一下发生的两个主要变化。

Let's go over two main changes that occurred.

一个变化是生产中心从一个家庭搬到另一个工厂。

One change was that the center of production moved from homes to factories.

Let's take fabric or cloth as an example.

历史上，在很长一段时间里，人们在家里手工做布，

Historically, for a very long time, people had made cloth by hand in their homes,

从自己家的布料生产中赚点钱。

earning a little money from their home-based cloth production.

但是这些新的蒸汽动力机器被发明并安置在工厂里，

But then these new steam-powered machines for weaving cloth were invented and placed in factories,

这些机器能更快更有效地织布。

and these machines could weave cloth much more quickly and efficiently.

因此，在工厂机器上生产速度更快的时候，没有任何理由继续在家里制造布料。

So there wasn't any reason to keep making cloth slowly in homes when it could be made faster on factory machines.

因此，大部分的布料生产从以家庭为基础的小生意转移到工厂生产。

Thus, the majority of cloth production shifted from home-based businesses to factory production.

这项新技术的另一个结果是，城市开始在工厂周围形成。

Another result of the new technology is that cities started forming around factories.

比方说，在一个小村子里建了一个布厂。

Like let's say there was a cloth factory that was built in a certain small village.

现在，当然，工厂需要工人来操作用于布料生产的机器。

Now, of course, the factory needed workers to operate the machines used in cloth production.

因此，工厂将雇佣大量的农村工人，他们将从农村搬到村庄。

So the factory would hire a lot of rural workers who would then move from the countryside to the village.

So instead of being spread out all over the countryside,

工人们开始和工厂一起聚集在有工厂的村子里。

the workers started to congregate in the village with the factory.

结果，这个村庄变得越来越大，最终变成了一座城市。

As a result, the village got bigger and bigger and eventually grew into a city.

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<p>Using points and examples from the talk, describe the two changes that occurred after machines began to be used for manufacturing goods.</p>