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旁白：来听生物课讲座上的一部分。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture from a Biology class.

教授：当我们人类从一个地方走到一个地方，

Professor: When we humans walk from place to place,

we move on the earth's surface, across the earth's surface.

很多动物，当然，做同样的事情，如马，狗，牛，等等，

Many animals, of course, do the same thing, horses and dogs and cows, and so on,

all move on the surface across the surface of the earth.

但也有相当多的动物有能力从一个地方到另一个地方，

But there are also quite a few animals that have the ability to move from place to place underground,

这种在地下活动的运动被称为地下运动。

This moving around underground is known as subsurface locomotion.

Subsurface locomotion has a number of benefits.

地下运动的一个好处是，它能使动物减少对极端温度的暴露。

One benefit of subsurface locomotion is that it enables animals to minimize their exposure to extreme temperatures.

这对生活在气候恶劣地区的动物很有帮助，

This is very helpful for animals that live in areas with harsh climates,

在那里长时间暴露在地表是非常危险的。

where it could be very dangerous to spend large amounts of time on the surface.

For example in the Sahara desert in Africa,

有一种蜥蜴能很快地在沙子下面移动。

there's a type of lizard that's able to move beneath the surface through the sand very quickly.

因为这只蜥蜴可以很容易地在地下移动，

Because this lizard can move so easily and so quickly underground,

它不需要在表面上移动，在那里它会暴露在危险的高温下。

it doesn't have to travel on the surface, where it would be exposed to dangerously high temperatures.

地下运动的另一个好处是它可以帮助动物捕捉猎物。

Another benefit of subsurface locomotion is that it can help animals capture prey.

这是因为表面上的动物无法看到从地下接近的捕食者。

That's because animals on the surface can't see predators that are approaching underground.

我们在撒哈拉沙漠的蜥蜴就是一个很好的例子。

Our lizard in the Sahara desert is again a good example.

原理是当一只昆虫在它附近的地面上行走时，

The way it works is when an insect is walking nearby on the surface,

它在沙子上产生非常微小的震动。

it produces very subtle vibrations in the sand.

在它不会被看到的地方，朝着震动的源头移动。

where it can't be seen toward the source of the vibrations.

然后它突然出现在昆虫的下面，完全出乎意料地捕捉到它。

It then suddenly pops up right under the insect and catches it completely by surprise.

<img src="/upload/ti/2427000-2428000/2427066/d609abbf052e44b1b9fc8cc388babc01.jpg">
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 Using the example of the lizard from the lecture, explain two benefits of subsurface locomotion.
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