『新东方在线托福口语』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 41 Task 4口语练习： 
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 Using points and examples from原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 41 Task 4口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 41 Task 4口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：来听心理学课讲座的一部分。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a Psychology class.

教授：孩子们喜欢玩，每个人都知道。

Professor: Children like to play, everybody knows that.

当孩子们玩耍时，他们会玩得很开心。

但除了娱乐之外，玩还有更多好处。

But there is more to play than just having fun.

如果孩子们心理健康地长大，玩耍也很重要。

Play's also important if kids are to develop in an emotionally healthy way.

让我们来谈谈心理学家认为玩耍对孩子有益的两个原因。

let's talk about two reasons psychologists believe play benefits kids.

首先，玩耍可以帮助孩子们感觉更有控制力。为什么？

First, play helps children feel more in control. Why?

好吧，一些心理学家认为小孩子经常感到无助。

Well, some psychologists have suggested that small children often feel helpless.

他们任何事情必须依靠其他人，也就是成年人。

They have to depend on other people, adults, for everything.

他们对自己的生活几乎没有控制力。

They've got very little control over their own lives.

父母决定什么时候吃，吃什么，穿什么。

Parents decide when they eat, what they eat, what they wear.

这种持续的依赖状态会让孩子们感到不安和焦虑。

This constant state of dependency can make kids feel uneasy and anxious.

但是当孩子们玩耍的时候，他们能够控制他们的游戏世界，他们决定……

But when kids play, they are able to control their world of play, they decide...oh...

他们会玩哪一个玩具，以及他们将如何玩。

which toy they're going to play with and how they're going to play with it.

也许他们会用一些积木，用它们搭起建筑。

Maybe they take some building blocks and make a building out of them.

他们正在建造东西，没有任何人帮助。

They're constructing something with no help at all.

玩耍给孩子们一种控制力的感觉，

playing gives children a sense of being in control,

这里是另外一种通过玩耍促进健康心理发展的方式。

And here's another way play contributes to healthy psychological development.

这为孩子们提供了一种安全的方式去探索他们内心的某些冲动和欲望，

It gives children a safe way to explore certain urges, desires they have,

尽管这些冲动和欲望通常不被认为是可接受的行为。

but ones that don't represent, well, typically acceptable behavior.

For example, take the urge to be destructive.

但是如果他们想要采取行动，并开始在房子周围破坏东西或者把东西搞乱，

But if they try to act on it and start actually breaking things or messing things up around the house,

他们想要探索什么是破坏的感觉，

They want to explore what it's like to be destructive,

但他们不希望自己的父母对他们生气。

but they don't want their parents to be upset with them.

因此，通过在游戏中表现出破坏性行为，问题就解决了。

So by acting out destructive behaviors during play, the problem is solved.

因为在游戏中，他们被允许具有破坏性。

'Cause in play, they're allowed to be destructive.

想想以前的例子，一个孩子玩积木，

Think of the example before, where a kid builds something out of blocks,

一个孩子建了一座塔之类的东西，然后把它全部推倒，不是很常见吗？

isn't it really common to see a kid build a tower or something and then just smash it all down?

在某种程度上是破坏性的，但是这是无害的，对吧？

Destructive, in a way, but no harm done right?

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 Using points and examples from the talk, explain why play is important for a child’s development.
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