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旁白：请听一节商业课的部分讲座。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a business class.

教授：大公司以不同的方式组织。在一些拥有多个分支机构或地点的大公司中，责任和权力分布在整个公司。

Professor: Large companies are organized in different ways. In some large companies that have more than one branch or location, responsibility and authority are spread throughout the entire company.

因此，不是由中央总部的经理做所有决定，而是由地方分支机构的经理来决定如何运营他们的分支机构。这被称为分权。

So instead of managers at the central headquarters making all the decisions, managers at local branches can make decisions about how to run their branches. This is known as decentralization.

分权有时对拥有多个地点的公司有效，但它也有一些潜在的缺点。

Decentralization can sometimes be effective for companies with multiple locations, but it also has some possible disadvantages.

分权的一个缺点是，地方经理所做的决定有时可能会损害整个公司。

One disadvantage of decentralization is that decisions made by local managers can sometimes harm the overall company.

当地方经理做决定时，他们只考虑什么对他们的特定地点最好。他们不必考虑什么对整个公司有利。

When local managers make decisions, they only consider what's best for their particular location. They don't have to think about what's good for the company in general.

因此，对地方分支机构来说是一个好的决定，有时对整个公司来说可能是一个坏的决定。

So a good decision for a local branch can sometimes be a bad decision for the company as a whole.

例如，以一家拥有多家商店的大型服装公司为例，假设有一家商店经营不佳。经理可能会决定花费公司的大量资金进行广告宣传，以吸引更多顾客到该商店。

For example, take a major clothing company with multiple stores, say there's one store that's not doing well. The manager may decide to spend a lot of the company's money on advertising to attract more customers to the store.

但如果中央办公室掌控全局，它可能会选择关闭这家经营困难的商店以节省资金，并投资于其更成功的分支机构。

But if the central office were in control, it would probably choose to close the struggling store to save money and invest in its more successful branches.

分权的另一个缺点是，公司政策在不同地点可能会以不同的方式执行。

Another disadvantage of decentralization is that company policies might be carried out differently in different locations.

如果允许地方经理决定政策，那么政策可能会因地而异。如果政策不符合顾客的期望，他们可能会不满意。

If local managers are allowed to make decisions about policies, then policies may vary from location to location. And if the policies aren't what customers are expecting, they may be unhappy.

再回到服装公司的例子，假设顾客想要退货并获得退款，因为衣服不合身或其它原因。

So back to the clothing company, say customers want to return clothing and get their money back, because it didn't fit right or something.

大多数商店都允许顾客这样做，但有一家商店决定不接受退货。如果该商店的顾客无法退货并获得退款，他们可能会感到不满。

And most stores allow customers to do this, but one store decides not to accept returns. Customers at that store may get upset if they can't return clothes and get their money back.

<img src="/upload/ti/sardine/2657000-2658000/2657693/e7d7413825884b47966fe2678678c8c6.png">
 Using points and examples from the lecture, explain how decentralization can have disadvantages for a company.&nbsp;