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<p原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 55 Task 4口语原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 55 Task 4口语原文独立/综合口语题目答案解析-范文音频翻译-新东方托福官方网校手机版

旁白：请听一段心理学讲座的节选。

Narrator: Listen to part of a talk in a psychology class.

教授：孩童的情感发展十分依赖早年的人际关系，这就是为什么孩子和父母，或孩子和监护者的联系如此重要。

Professor: Children’s emotional development depends a lot on their earliest relationships, which is why the bond between children and their parents or caregivers is so important.

心理学家一直都对这种联系如何形成十分好奇。到底是什么使小婴儿对监护人如此亲昵？

Psychologists have always been curious about how this bond is formed. What causes young infants to become attached to their caregivers?

心理学家们过去相信谁喂养婴儿，婴儿就跟谁亲。不无道理，对吧？婴儿必须依靠别人给他们营养才能生存。

Psychologists used to believe that babies became attached to the person who feeds them. Makes sense, right? Babies depend on others to provide nourishment to keep them alive.

但大多数心理学家现在不相信这种说法了。

But most psychologists now believe otherwise.

如今，大多数心里学家认为温馨、有爱的接触其实比喂养更重要。

 Today most psychologists think that a warm and loving touch is actually more important than feeding.

那么这种想法的依据是什么呢？为什么心理学家觉得想在婴儿和监护人之间创造感情的牵绊，食物没有接触重要呢？

So, what’s the basis for this belief? Why do psychologists think food matters less than touch when it comes to creating emotional bonds between infants and their caregivers?

曾有过一个著名的实验。这个实验使用小猴子做的，小猴子跟人类婴儿很像。

Well, there was a famous experiment. … It was done using baby monkeys—which are a lot like human babies.

研究员给每只猴子配了两个母亲的替代品，两个都是金属丝制成的装置、大小和形状都近似成年猴子。

Researchers provided each baby monkey with two substitute, or replacement, mothers—two contraptions made out of wire, each the size and shape of an adult monkey.

但是，这点尤其重要，一个替代品周身包裹薄膜塑料、围上了非常柔软的布料。这个装置被叫做布妈妈。

But—and this is important—one of the contraptions was wrapped in foam and covered with a super-soft cloth. This was called the cloth mother.

另一个则什么外包装都没有，只有金属丝支撑。这个装置叫金属丝妈妈。

The other wasn’t covered with anything; it was just bare metal wire. This was the wire mother.

每只小猴子都配了两种妈妈。不过，一些小猴子只被金属丝妈妈喂食，另一些则只被布妈妈喂食。

Each baby monkey was given both types of mother. However, some of the baby monkeys were fed only by the wire mother, while others were fed only by the cloth mother.

但如果不到喂食时间，所有的猴子都可以任选它们喜欢的妈妈、在它身上爬或者和它搂抱。

But when it wasn’t feeding time, all of the monkeys could climb on, or cuddle with, or cling to whichever mother they wanted to.

那么，小猴子到底和哪个妈妈关系更亲呢？呃，不吃饭的时候，所有的小猴子无一例外地和布妈妈待在一起。

So, which mother did the baby monkeys become attached to? Well, all of the baby monkeys spent most of their time—when they weren’t eating—with the cloth mother.

不论什么时候，只要有东西惊扰了它们，小猴子都会紧紧拽着布妈妈、投入它的怀抱。不论哪个妈妈给它们喂食，它们都更偏爱布妈妈。

They held on to her and ran to her whenever something startled them. No matter which mother fed them, all of the baby monkeys preferred the cloth mother.

<img src="/upload/ti/sardine/2598000-2599000/2598386/4f612e8410514072b08cc359b453a1c7.png">&nbsp;
<p>Using points and examples from the talk, explain what psychologists have learned about the formation of bonds between infants and their caregivers.</p>