题型分类：事实信息题

题干分析：定位词a phytoplankton species that cannot produce thiamine；利用定位词定位到第六段的第三句及以后内容。“维生素B，特别是维生素B12，硫胺素和生物素是被最广泛需求的维生素。一些物种可能在缺少某种维生素、或者在缺少某族维生素的时候无法生存。这些维生素只能由其他物种产生，所以，物种的生长只能是生产维生素的物种先出现，之后需要维生素的物种再生长。”

选项分析：

C选项说 It can be preceded in a seasonal succession only by a phytoplankton species that produces thiamine. 对应第六段第五句 These vitamins are produced only by another species; hence, a succession of species could occur whereby first the vitamin-producing species is present and then the vitamin-requiring species follows. 正确。

A选项说It can be followed in a seasonal succession only by another phytoplankton species that cannot produce thiamine，应该是can而不是cannot，与原文描述相反。

B选项说It can never become the dominant species in a seasonal succession，文中无此信息，属于无中生有。

D选项说It is able to produce B vitamins other than thiamine，而文中说的是无法生产thiamine，因此与原文描述不符。