Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an Art History class.

旁白：听一段艺术史的讲座。

Pro: We’ve been talking about the art world of the late 19th century in Paris.

教授：我们一直在讨论巴黎世纪末期的艺术世界。

And today I’d like to look at the women who went to Paris at that time to become artists.

今天我想把视角转到当时去巴黎并变为艺术家的这位女性。

Now from your reading, what do you know about Paris, about the art world of Paris during the late 19th century?

现在，从你们阅读中你们了解到19世纪晚期巴黎的艺术世界是怎样的呢？

Stu1: People came there from all over the world to study.

学生1：来自世界各地的人们都来这里学习。

Stu2: It had a lot of art schools and artists who taught painting.

学生2：有很多艺术院校，而且有很多艺术家教授绘画。

There were, our book mentions, classes for women artists.

我们的书上还提到专门为女性艺术家设置的课程。

And it was a good place to go to study art.

而且是学习艺术很好的去处。

Pro: If you wanted to become an artist, Paris was not a good place to go; Paris was “THE” place to go.

教授：如果你想成为艺术家，巴黎不是一个好去处，而是唯一之处。

And women could find skilled instructors there.

女性可以在那里学到技巧，并找到指导者。

Before the late 19th century, if they...women who wanted to become artists had to take private lessons or learn from family members.

19世纪以前，如果女性想成为艺术家，她们必须上私教，或者从家人那里学习。

They had more limited options than men did.

她们的选择性不如男性那么高。

But around 1870s, some artists in Paris began to offer classes for female students.

但是在19世纪70年代左右，巴黎的一些艺术家开始为女性学生开设课程。

These classes were for women only.

而且仅针对女性开设。

And by the end of the 19th century, it became much more common for women and men to study together in the same classes.

在19世纪晚期，就普及到了男性和女性在同一个班级一起学习了。

So within a few decades, things had changed significantly.

因此在几十年内发生了巨大的改变。

OK. Let’s back up again and talk about the time period from the 1860s to the 1880s and talk more about what happened in women’s art classes.

好了，我们再回顾一下，谈谈从1860年到19世纪80年代这个阶段女性艺术课程都发生了什么。

In 1868, a private art academy opened in Paris, and for decades it was probably the most famous private art school in the world.

在1868年，巴黎开设了一个私人艺术课程，这可能在当时几十年内是世界上最著名的私人艺术学校了。

Its founder, Rodolphe Julian, was a canny businessman.

创建人鲁道夫朱利安是一个聪明的商人。

And quickly established his school as a premier destination for women artists.

而且不久就让他的学校成为了女性艺术家的最优去处。

What he did was: after an initial trail period of mixed classes, he changed the school policy.

他怎么做的呢？起初，他将男性和女性放在相同班级里学习，后来他改变了学校的政策。

He completely separated the men and women students.

他彻底的将男女学生分割开来。

Stu2: Any reason why he did that?

学生2：他为什么这么做呢？

Pro: Well. Like I said, Julian was a brilliant businessman, with progressive ideas.

教授：正如我刚才说的，朱利安是一个才华横溢的商人，有着先进的见解。

He saw that another small private art school where all the students were women was very popular at that time.

他想到了当时另一个声誉不错的小型私立艺术学校，里面都是女性学生。

And that’s probably why he adopted the women only classes.

这可能是他仅招收女性学生的原因。

His classes were typically offered by... by established artists and were held in the studio, the place where they painted.

他的课程基本都是一位有建树的艺术家在一个小工作间里授课的，这也是她们作画之处。

This was a big deal because finally women could study art in a formal setting.

这已经是很值得一提的事情了，因为女性们终于可以在一个正式的场景里学习了。

And there was another benefit to the group setting of these classes. The classes included weekly criticism.

还有另一个好处，课程还包括每周评论。

And the teacher would rank the art of all the students in the class from best to worst.

老师会将学生的作品从最优到最差进行排位。

How would you like it if I did that in this class?

如果我在班上也这么做的话你们认为如何？

Stu1: Hah... No way.

学生1：哈哈。那可不行。

Stu2: But our textbook said that the competitive... the competition was good for women.

学生2：但是教科书上说竞争对女性有好处。

It helped them see where they needed to improve.

这帮助了她们知道自己的不足之处在哪里。

Pro: Isn’t that interesting?

教授：有意思吧？

One woman artist, her name was Marie Bashkirtseff.

其中一个女性艺术家，名字叫做玛丽巴什基尔采夫。

Bashkirtseff once wrote how she felt about a classmate’s work.

她曾写过关于她同学们作品的想法。

She thought her classmate’s art was much better than her own and it gave her an incentive to do better.

她认为同学的作品比她的好很多，这也给了她努力的动力。

Overall the competition in the women’s art classes gave women more confidence.

整体来讲，这种竞争使女性们在艺术课上更加自信了。

Confidence that they could also compete in the art world after their schooling.

这种自信帮助她们在毕业以后仍然能在艺术界与其他人有力竞争。

And even though Bashkirtseff could not study in the same classes as men, she was having an impact as an artist.

尽管巴什基尔采夫不能和男性在一个班级学习，而她作为一名艺术家是很有影响的。

Just look at the salon.

看看她的沙龙吧。

What do you know about the salon?

你们了解沙龙吗？

Stu2: It was a big exhibition, a big art show that they had in Pairs every year.

学生2：就是一个大型的展览，在巴黎每年都有这种大型的艺术展览。

The art had to be accepted by judges.

作品需由裁判通过才行。

Stu1: It was a big deal.

学生1：这可是很了不得的。

You can make a name for yourself.

你可以借此一举成名。

Pro: You can have a painting or sculpture in the salon and go back to your home country saying you’ve been a success in Paris.

教授：你可以在沙龙上展示一幅画或者一个雕塑，那么当你回到自己祖国的时候，你就可以说你在巴黎很成功。

It was sort of uh, a seal of approval.

有点像是一种认可。

It was a great encouragement for an artist’s career.

对于艺术家来讲是一种极大的肯定。

And by the last two decades of the 19th century, one fifth of the paintings in the salon were by women, much higher than in the past.

在19世纪后20年，沙龙上五分之一的作品都来自女性，远高于之前。

In fact, Marie Bashkirtseff herself had a painting in the salon in 1881.

事实上，玛丽巴什基尔采夫在1881年的沙龙上有一副作品。

Interestingly this masterpiece called “In the Studio” is a painting of the interior of Julian’s art school.

有趣的是，这幅名作在朱利安的艺术学校的工作室里被称之为劣等作品。

It is not in your textbook.

你们的教科书上没有。

I will show you the painting next week.

下周我会给你们看看这幅画。

The painting depicts an active crowded studio with women drawing and painting a live model.

一幅绘制了活跃的挤满了绘画的女性的工作室。

It was actually, Bashkirtseff actually followed Julian’s savvy suggestion and painted her fellow students in a class at the school with the artist herself at the far right.

巴什基尔采夫其实就是采取了朱利安的建议，并绘制了她的同学们在学校的状态，她自己则是在画面的远远的右方。

A great advertisement for the school when the painting eventually hung up at the salon, for a women’s studio had never been painted before.

在沙龙上这幅画被悬挂起来的时刻，也为学校做了很大的宣传，这种女性工作室的作品从没有被别人绘制过。