『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 13 Lec 3听力练习：According to the professor, who was the intended audiences for chanson poetry?原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 13 Lec 3听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 13 Lec 3听力原文According to the professor, who was the intended audiences for chanson poetry?-新东方托福官方网校手机版

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a poetry class.

The professor is discussing medieval poetry.

教授：OK。所以我们今天要看的两首诗是属于中世纪的类别，这是多久以前？

Male professor: OK. So the two poems we are looking at today fall into the category of medieval times, which was how long ago?

Female student: Almost a thousand years ago, right?

学生：但是，教授，你确定这是诗吗？

Female student: But, professor, are you sure these are poems?

我的意思是它们中的一个都是关于爱，但另一种，Chan……不管它被称为什么，另一种，都是关于战斗和战役。

I mean, one of them was all about love but the other one that chan…whatever it's called, the other one, it was all about fighting and battles.

我的意思是可以两者都被认为是诗？

I mean, can both of them be considered poems?

教授：好了，回忆一下这门课程开始的时候。

Professor: Well, think back to the very beginning of this course.

教授：还记得我们，我们是如何定义诗歌的吗？

Professor: Remember how we, uh, we define poetry?

在非常广泛的意义上，我们说，它是被写来唤起，让你们这些观众，有某种情感体验，通过使用形象化。

In the very broadest sense, um, we said, it's written to evoke, uh, that to make you, the audience, have some kind of emotional experience through the use of imagery.

嗯，某种可预见的节奏，通常，但并非总是如此，所使用的词有多种含义暗示。

Uh, some kind of predictable rhythm and usually but not always there's more than one meaning implied with the words that are used.

让我们先从香颂诗开始。这是香颂。

Let's start with the chanson poetry first. That's chanson.

香颂诗在欧洲开始流行，特别是在法国。

Chanson poems became popular in Europe, particularly in France.

术语实际上是一个较长的法国短语的缩写，翻译为呃……呃……事迹的歌曲。

And the term is actually short for a longer French phrase that translates to, uh, songs of deeds.

现在，它们被称为事迹的歌曲，因为奇怪的是，它们是写来描述冲突期间的英雄事迹和战士的行动，冲突期间的骑士。

And now they were called songs of deeds because, strangely enough, they were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of warriors, the knights during conflicts.

关于作者我们知道的不是很多。

它仍然有些争议，但我们很肯定香颂诗是为谁写的。

Um, it's still contested somewhat, but we're pretty sure about who the chanson poems were written for.

那就是---它们是为骑士和领主---为它们做侍奉的贵族写的。

Um, that is, they were written for knights and the lords, uh, the nobilities that they served.

诗歌由吟游诗人传唱，由吟游诗人是从一个城堡前往另一个城堡城堡，为当地的领主和他的骑士演唱的歌手。

The poems were sung, uh, performed by a minstrel, a singer who traveled from castle to castle, uh, singing to the local lord and his knights.

呃……有人可以总结一下你们读过的香颂诗的主要特点吗？

Um, well, uh, would someone summarize the main features of the chanson poem you read?

学生：嗯，里面有一个英雄，一个去战斗的骑士，而他因为他的勇气，勇敢和忠诚，对他服务的主人、他的国家和在场上的战士们忠诚。

Male student: Well, there's a hero, a knight, who goes to battle and he's admired by his courage, bravery and loyalty, loyalty to the lord he serves, his country and his fellow warriors.

他是……嗯……他有，他是一个有技能的战士，愿意面对最极端的危险、牺牲，愿意奉献任何以及所有东西去保护他的国王和国家。

In the field, he's, uh, he has, uh, he's a skilled fighter willing to face the most extreme danger; um, sacrificial, willing to sacrifice anything and everything to protect his king and country.

教授：好了，现在，考虑到这些诗的目标受众是骑士和领主。我们可以说香颂诗的目的是什么？

Professor: OK, now, given that the intended audience for these poems were knights and lords, what can we say about the purpose of chanson poetry?

什么样的感受是这种诗歌想要激发的？

What kinds of feelings was it meant to provoke?

学生：我想他们对于倾听这些诗歌的那些骑士和领主是非常有吸引力的，听到这些歌曲可能使他们感到更爱国，使他们觉得以任何方式为他们的国家服务是一个很好的和高尚的事情。

Female student: I guess they must have been really appealing to those knights and lords who were listening to them, hearing the songs probably made them feel more patriotic, made them feel it was like a good and noble thing to serve their countries in whatever way they could.

教授：好，我们对于香颂英雄已经有了很好的了解。

Professor: Good! Uh, we've got a pretty good picture of what the chanson hero was like.

现在让我们来比较一下其它诗歌中的英雄。

Now, let's compare that to the hero in the other poem.

另一首诗是所谓的浪漫诗歌的一个例子。

The other poem is an example of what's called romance poetry.

And the hero in the romance poem was also a knight.

但是，是什么让浪漫诗中的骑士和香颂诗骑士不同？

But what made the knight in romance poetry different from the knight in chanson poetry?

嗯，首先英雄的行动的目的是不同的。

Well, first, the purpose of the hero's action was different.

浪漫诗歌中的主人公都是独立的，在某种程度上完全孤立，和总是被他的战斗伙伴围绕着的香颂诗人不同。

Uh, the hero in romance poetry is independent, purely solitary in a way, not like the chanson poet who was always surrounded by his fighting companions.

他不参与保护他的主人或国家的冲突。

Um, he doesn't engage in conflict to protect his lord or country.

他做这个是为了探险，提高自己，证明他是值得他的夫人尊敬和爱戴的。

He does it for the sake of adventure, to improve himself, to show he's worthy of respect and love from his lady.

他对于他必须遵守的社会行为规则非常有意识的。

He's very conscious of the particular rules of social behaviors he has to live up to somehow.

所有他的行动都为了证明他是一个正直，道德，彬彬有礼，行为端正的人。

And all of his actions are for the purpose of proving that he is, uh, an upright, moral, well-mannered, well-behaved individual.

您可能已经注意到，在香颂诗中，没有太多关于主人公的感情。

You may have noticed that in chanson poetry, there isn't much about the hero's feelings.

Uh, the focus is on the actions, the deeds.

但爱情诗描述了很多的内心情感，动机，可以说是骑士努力提高自己，完善自己，以使他成为值得一个女人的爱的动机。

Uh, but the romance poetry describes a lot of the inner feelings, the, uh, motivations, psychology, you could say, of a knight trying to improve himself, to better himself so that he's worthy of the love of a woman.

嗯，嗯，挖掘到的历史背景告诉了我们很多。

Well, digging into the historical context tells us a lot.

浪漫诗歌出现在数代香颂之后。

Um, romance poetry emerged a few generations after chanson.

它的起源是在法国的地理区域，那里更加平静，冲突不是人们生活的中心。

And its roots were in geographic regions of France that were calmer, where conflict wasn't central to people's lives.

更和平的时代意味着有更多的时间进行教育，旅游，更多的时间进行思考。

Uh, more peaceful times meant there was more time for education, uh, travel, more time for reflection.

爱情诗的另一个名字是行吟诗人的诗歌。

Another name for romance poetry that's often synonymous with it is troubadour poetry.

行吟诗人是这些新的浪漫诗歌的作者。

Troubadours were the authors of these new romance poems.

比起香颂的作者，我们知道更多关于行吟诗人的事情，因为他们经常在他们的诗歌中加入小传。

And we know a lot more about the troubadours than we do about the chanson authors because they often had small biographical sketches added to their poems.

这个提供了他们的社会地位、地理位置和其职业生涯的非常具体的信息。

That gave pretty specific information about their social status, uh, geographical location and a small outline of their career.

这些信息并不是特别可靠，因为他们有时是基于伟大的冒险故事、虚构的故事，或从不同的诗歌部分东拼西凑，但有足够可以挤压或推断他们的社会阶层的一些事实。

This information wasn't particularly reliable because they were sometimes based on fictitious stories of great adventure or scrapped together from parts of different poems, but there is enough there to squeeze, or, uh, infer some facts about their social class.

政治气候已经安定下来，足以让行吟诗人能够奢侈的把大部分如果不是全部的时间，用在他们的观众创造、手工制作或撰写自己的情歌。

The political climate had settled down enough so that, um, troubadours had the luxury of being able to spend most, if not all of their time, creating, uh, crafting, or composing their love songs for their audiences.

是的，这些诗也被传唱，许多行吟诗人能够以全职诗人谋生，这应该可以告诉你这个职业在中世纪时代的价值。

And, yes, these poems were also sung, many troubadours were able to make a living being full-time poets, which should tell you something about the value of that profession during medieval times.

According to the professor, who was the intended audiences for chanson poetry?

According to the professor what is true about the hero in chanson poetry and the hero in romance poetry?

Why does the professor mention that romance poems often included biographical sketches?

What does the professor say about the political climate during the time troubadours were writing poetry?