Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Student:Professor Wallace, I just saw the grade you posted it, Um for the biology paper.

旁白：请听一段学生和教授之间的对话。学生：Wallace教授，我刚看到你公布出来的生物论文的分数。

Professor:Paul, I’m glad you here, I am, was wondering if maybe some pages of your paper were missing from the copy you submitted.

教授：Paul，我很高兴你能来，我想知道你提交的论文是不是少了几页。

I mean you have footnotes in the paper but I couldn't find the full list of sources at the end of the paper, you know where you got you quotes from.

我的意思是，你在论文中有脚注，但是我在论文的结尾找不到完整的资料列表来源，你应该知道你的引用出处。

Student:Oh, I'm sorry, it must fall and off. I can get a copy of it to you tomorrow.

学生：对不起，一定是掉下来了。我复印一份明天给您送过来。

Professor:That would be good, and while you here, while it's possible that another page with missing too.

教授：那太好了，正好你在这，有可能另一页也不见了。

I mean I didn't notice a real conclusion to the paper. The ideas weren't tied up.

我的意思是，我没有注意到论文的真正结论，你论文里的想法没有联系和汇总。

There should be a paragraph that did that. Unless you meant to introduce a new idea in the conclusion.

应该有这样一段相关的内容，除非你想在结论中引入一个新观点。

Student:Yeah, you know that the writing classes at all first-year students have to take.

学生：是啊，你知道所有一年级的学生都要上写作课。

What they taught us there was that a good conclusion should be open-ended.

他们教给我的是一个好的结论应该是开放式的。

That it shouldn't just recap whatever we said in the body of the paper. Um, but that it should raise new questions.

它不应该只是简要的重述我们在论文的正文中所叙述的内容。但这应该会引发新的问题。

Professor:And that's what you tried to do in your biology paper on differential migration for my class？

教授：这就是你想在我的课布置的这篇关于差异迁徙的生物学论文中所做的尝试？

Student:Yeah, they said we should do and all our writing, so I thought was required at the university, a required way to write here. I thought I was doing a good thing.

学生：是的，他们说我们应该在所有的写作中这样去做，所以我认为这是大学要求的，是这里要求的写作方式。我以为我在做一件正确的事情。

Professor:Well, it's great that you took something you learned in one course and implemented it in another.But, no, it's not standard stuff at the university.

教授：你把一门课学到的东西应用到另一门课上，这很棒。但我的回答是否定的，这不是大学里的标准做法。

Besides I'm not sure you really fully grasp what they teach in that writing class,

此外，我不确定你是否真的完全理解了他们在写作课上教授的内容，

because the way you wrote your conclusion,if that's what they teach, I don’t agree with that kind of writing.

因为你写结论的方式，如果那是他们教的，我不同意那种写作方式。

And I think you find that most of your other professors or science professors, will agree with me.

我想你会发现你的其他学科的教授或者理科教授，他们也会同意我的观点。

A good conclusion should first focus on summing up the main ideas of the paper.

一个好的结论应该首先集中在总结论文的主要观点上。

Student:Well, that’s what I always been taught too, but this writing professor, he says that’s not always the best way to end a paper.

学生：嗯，这也是我一直被教导的，但这个教写作教授，他说那并不总是结束论文的最好方法。

Professor:Um, I didn't know any of this when I graded your paper and I just didn't understand why the conclusion seemed, well so illogical,

教授：当我给你们的论文评分时，我还真不了解这些。我只是不明白为什么结论看上去也不符合逻辑,

you see only after you summarize what is come before,then you might want to point to a new idea or a question,but then you risk introducing something irrelevant

总结是针对你所写的论文前面的内容, 之后你可能想要提一个新的想法或一个问题, 但是你这样做的风险就是会引入毫不相关的东西。

Student:Irrelevant?

学生：毫不相关？

Professor:Yes, I mean, you had lots of nice example about birds，

教授：是的，我的意思是，你有很多关于鸟类的很好的例子，

but I could not understand why you introduced fairly long section on butterflies at the end of the paper about differential migration of birds.

但我不明白为什么你在论文的最后用了这么长的篇幅来介绍蝴蝶，可你的论文是关于鸟类迁徙的差异。

Yes, butterflies migrate too, but butterfly migration that’s another paper altogether, but now that I know what you're trying to do.

是的，蝴蝶的确也迁徙，但是蝴蝶迁徙那是另一篇论文了，但是现在我知道你想做什么了。

Student:No, I know butterfly migration is different, I wonder why I get such a poor grade, I can rewrite that if you like.

学生：不，我知道蝴蝶迁徙是不同的，我想知道为什么我的成绩这么差，如果您愿意，我可以重写。

Professor:That’s not necessary, look, now that you’ve explained things, I'd like to go over your paper again.

教授：也不必，既然你已经解释过了，我想再看一遍你的论文。

Student:Okay.

学生：好吧。

Professor:Let's meet again next week.

教授：我们下周再见面吧。