OG7 阅读 Q31

In the seventh paragraph, the passage explains that one aspect of bird flight that awaits further study by scientists is the question of whether "a mistake made by the leader can ripple through the rest of the flock to cause traffic jams." In this context, to say that a mistake might "ripple" through the flock most nearly means that it might progressively spread through the flock.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in the context of the seventh paragraph, to "ripple" through the flock means to spread through it progressively, not to fluctuate (choice A), to wave, or move in the pattern of the ebb and flow of waves (choice C), or to undulate, or move in a manner that creates a textured, undulating appearance (choice D).