Choice B is the best answer. In lines 17-19("If...says"), researcher Tom Peacock argues that in order to create precise global climate models, scientists must be able to “capture processes” such as how internal waves are formed. In this context, to “capture” a process means to record it for scientific study.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context “capture” does not mean to control, secure, or absorb.