Choice A is the best answer. In lines 27-33("But...well"), the narrator is describing the hostile relationship between him and his superior, Edward Crimsworth. This relationship causes the narrator to feel like he lives in the "shade" and in "humid darkness." These words evoke the narrator's feelings of dismay toward his current occupation and his poor relationship with his superior— factors that cause him to live without "the sunshine of life."
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the words "shade" and "darkness" do not reflect the narrator's sinister thoughts, his fear of confinement, or his longing for rest.