PART 4

Tree planting now dominates political and popular agendas and is often presented as an easy answer to the climate crisis, as well as a way for business corporations to offset their carbon emissions.

植树造林现在已成为政治和大众议程的主要内容，并经常被视为解决气候危机的简便办法，也是商业公司抵消碳排放的一种方式。

But unfortunately, tree planting isn't as straightforward as some people think.

但遗憾的是，植树并不像有些人想象的那样简单。

When the wrong trees are planted in the wrong place, it can do considerably more damage than good, failing to help either people or the environment.

如果在错误的地方种植了错误的树木，可能会弊大于利，既无益于人类，也无益于环境。

Reforestation projects are currently being undertaken on a huge scale in many countries and it's crucial that the right trees are selected.

目前，许多国家正在开展大规模的植树造林项目，选择正确的树木至关重要。

A mix of species should always be planted, typical of the local natural forest ecosystem and including rare and endangered species in order to create a rich ecosystem.

为了创造一个丰富的生态系统，应该种植当地自然生态系统的典型混合树种，包括稀有和濒危树种。

It's important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive.

避免外来物种入侵是很重要的。

Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long-term survival.

入侵物种是造成当前全球生物多样性危机的一个重要因素，它们经常与本地物种竞争，可能威胁到本地物种的长期生存。

Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area, but ideally any reforestation project should have several goals.

在重新造林时，恢复生物多样性以最大限度地捕获碳是关键，但理想情况下，任何重新造林项目都应该有几个目标。

These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation, improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems.

这些目标可以包括选择有助于野生动物保护的树木，改善当地社区的食物供应，以及保持土壤系统的稳定。

Meeting as many of these goals as possible, whilst doing no harm to local communities, native ecosystems and vulnerable species, is the sign of a highly successful tree-planting scheme.

尽可能多地实现这些目标，同时不损害当地社区、本地生态系统和脆弱物种，是植树计划取得巨大成功的标志。

To ensure the survival and resilience of a planted forest, it's vital to use tree seeds with appropriate levels of genetic diversity: the amount of genetic variation found within a species essential for their survival.

为确保植树造林的存活率和恢复力，使用具有适当水平的遗传多样性的树种至关重要：即在一个物种中发现的对其生存至关重要的遗传变异量。

Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests, which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change.

使用遗传多样性较低的种子通常会降低恢复后森林的复原力，使其易受疾病侵袭，无法适应气候变化。

Choosing the right location for reforestation projects is as important as choosing the right trees.

选择合适的造林地点与选择合适的树木同样重要。

Ultimately, the best area for planting trees would be in formerly forested areas that are in poor condition.

归根结底，植树造林的最佳地点是条件恶劣的原林区。

It's better to avoid non-forested landscapes such as natural grasslands, savannas or wetlands as these ecosystems already contribute greatly to capturing carbon.

最好避免选择非林地景观，如天然草原、热带稀树草原或湿地，因为这些生态系统已经为捕获碳做出了巨大贡献。

It would also be advantageous to choose an area where trees could provide other benefits, such as recreational spaces.

选择一个树木可以提供其他好处的地方也是有利的，比如休闲场所。

Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided as this often leads to other areas being deforested.

应避免在目前被用于农业的地区重新造林，因为这往往导致其他地区的森林被砍伐。

Large-scale reforestation projects require careful planning.

大规模的再造林项目需要周密的规划。

Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information.

要正确决定在哪里植树，必须掌握正确的信息。

Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high-priority areas for intervention is essential.

绘制详细的最新地图，确定优先干预区域至关重要。

Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration.

无人机技术非常有帮助，可以帮助确定恢复退化森林地区的优先次序并对其进行监测。

In Brazil, it's being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities such as rearing cattle and illegal logging.

在巴西，它被用来识别和量化亚马逊部分地区是如何被人类活动所破坏的，例如养牛和非法砍伐。

A good example of where the right trees were picked to achieve a restored forest is in Lampang Province in Northern Thailand.

泰国北部的南邦省就是一个很好的例子。

A previously forested site which had been degraded through mining was reforested by a cement company together with Chiang Mai University.

一家水泥公司与清迈大学合作，在一个因采矿而退化的森林地区重新植树造林。

After spreading 60 cm of topsoil, they planted 14 different native tree species which included several species of fig.

在铺上 60 厘米的表土后，他们种植了 14 种不同的本地树种，其中包括几种无花果。

Figs are a keystone species because of the critical role they play in maintaining wildlife populations.

无花果之所以是关键树种，是因为它们在维持野生动物数量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals and birds which act as natural seed dispersers.

无花果是热带植树造林项目的核心，因为无花果能吸引动物和鸟类，成为天然的种子传播者，从而加快恢复进程。

This helps to promote diversity through the healthy regrowth of a wide range of plant species.

这有助于通过多种植物物种的健康再生来促进多样性。

Unlike the majority of fruit trees, figs bear fruit all year round, providing a reliable food source for many species.

与大多数果树不同，无花果全年结果，为许多物种提供了可靠的食物来源。

At this site, for example, after only three rainy seasons, monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits, naturally dispersing seeds through defecation.

例如，在这里，仅仅过了三个雨季，猴子就开始来吃无花果，并通过排便自然散播种子。

Reforestation projects should always aim to make sure that local communities are consulted and involved in the decision-making process.

植树造林项目应始终确保征求当地社区的意见，并让他们参与决策过程。

The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project which has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community.

马达加斯加红树林的恢复是一个成功地为社区创造实际利益的项目的例子。

Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life, and also badly affected the fishing industry, which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas.

红树林的破坏对动植物的生存造成了严重影响，也严重影响了渔业的发展，而渔业是沿海地区当地居民的主要就业来源。

The reforestation project involved hiring local people to plant and care for the new mangrove trees.

重新造林项目包括雇用当地人种植和养护新的红树林。

Millions of mangrove trees have now been planted which has resulted in the return of a healthy aquatic ecosystem.

现在，数百万棵红树林已经种植完毕，从而恢复了健康的水生生态系统。

The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change.

红树林还可以抵御气候变化造成的日益严重的洪水威胁。

What's more, the local economy is more stable and thousands more Madagascans are now able to send their children to school.

更重要的是，当地经济更加稳定，成千上万的马达加斯加人现在可以送孩子上学了。

One other important point to consider . . .

另一个需要考虑的重要问题是......