PART 3

ADAM: OK Rosie, shall we try to get some ideas together for our presentation on diet and obesity?

亚当：好啦，罗西。我们要不要为我们关于饮食和肥胖的演讲提一些想法？

ROSIE: Sure.

罗西：好呀。

ADAM: I can talk about the experiment I did to see if people can tell the difference between real sugar and artificial sweeteners.

亚当：我可以谈谈我做过的实验，看看人们是否能分辨出真糖和人造甜味剂。

ROSIE: Where you gave people drinks with either sugar or artificial sweeteners and they had to say which they thought it was?

罗西：你把含糖或者含人造甜味剂的饮料给实验对象，然后让他们说出他们的判断？

ADAM: Yeah. It took me ages to decide exactly how I'd organise it, especially how I could make sure that people didn't know which drink I was giving them.

亚当：是啊。我花了很长时间才决定该如何组织实验，尤其是如何确保人们不知道我给他们喝的是哪种饮料。

It was hard to keep track of it all, especially as I had so many people doing it – I had to make sure I kept a proper record of what each person had had.

记录全部信息很难，尤其是当时的实验对象特别多。我必须确保我正确记下了给每个人提供的饮料。

ROSIE: So could most people tell the difference?

罗西：那大部分人能说出差别吗？

ADAM: Yeah – I hadn't thought they would be able to, but most people could.

亚当：是的。我从没想过大家都能做到，但是大部分人都可以。

ROSIE: Then there's that experiment I did measuring the fat content of nuts, to see if the nutritional information given on the packet was accurate.

罗西：然后我做了一个实验来测量坚果的脂肪含量，看看包装上给出的营养信息是否准确。

ADAM: The one where you ground up the nuts and mixed them with a chemical to absorb the fat?

亚当：你把坚果磨碎，然后和化学物质混合以吸收脂肪的那个？

ROSIE: Yes. My results were a bit problematic – the fat content for that type of nut seemed much lower than it said on the package.

罗西：对。我的结果有点问题。这种坚果的脂肪含量似乎比包装上说的要低得多。

But I reckon the package information was right.

但我认为包裹信息是对的。

I think I should probably have ground up the nuts more than I did.

我想我应该把坚果磨得更碎些。

It's possible that the scales for weighing the fat weren't accurate enough, too.

有可能称脂肪的秤也不够精确。

I'd really like to try the experiment again some time.

我真的很想改天再做一次实验。

ADAM: So what can we say about helping people to lose weight?

亚当：那么，我们应该给出什么建议来帮助人们减肥呢？

There's a lot we could say about what restaurants could do to reduce obesity.

我们可以针对餐厅在减肥中的作用给出很多的意见。

I read that the items at the start of a menu and the items at the end of a menu are much more likely to be chosen than the items in the middle.

我读到比起菜单中部的菜品，食客更容易选择菜单开头和结尾部分的食物。

So, if you put the low-calorie items at the beginning and end of the menu, people will probably go for the food with fewer calories, without even realising what they're doing.

所以，如果把低热量的食物放在菜单的开头和结尾，人们可能会选择低热量的食物，他们甚至都没有意识到自己选择了更健康的食物。

ROSIE: I think food manufacturers could do more to encourage healthy eating.

罗西：我认为食品制造商可以采取更多的措施来鼓励健康饮食。

ADAM: How?

亚当：怎么做？

ROSIE: Well, when manufacturers put calorie counts of a food on the label, they're sometimes really confusing and I suspect they do it on purpose.

罗西：食品制造商印在产品标签上的卡路里统计有的时候真的很令人迷惑。我怀疑他们是故意的。

Because food that's high in calories tastes better, and so they'll sell more.

因为高热量的食物更好吃，这样他们就能卖的更多。

ADAM: Yeah, so if you look at the amount of calories in a pizza, they'll give you the calories per quarter pizza and you think, oh that's not too bad.

亚当：是的。所以，如果你看一个比萨饼的热量，他们会给你每四分之一比萨饼的热量，你会想：”哦，这还不算太坏。“

But who's going to eat a quarter pizza?

但是谁会只吃四分之一个披萨？

ROSIE: Exactly.

罗西：说得对。

ADAM: I suppose another approach to this problem is to get people to exercise more.

亚当：我想另一种减少肥胖的方法是让人们多锻炼。

ROSIE: Right. In England, the current guidelines are for at least 30 minutes of brisk walking, five days a week.

罗西：正确的。在英国，目前的指导方针是一周五天、每天至少30分钟的快走。

Now when you ask them, about 40% of men and 30% of women say they do this, but when you objectively measure the amount of walking they do with motion sensors, you find that only 6% of men and 4% of women do the recommended amount of exercise.

现在当你问他们时，大约40%的男性和30%的女性说他们这样做，但是当你用运动传感器客观地测量他们行走的量时，你发现只有6%的男性和4%的女性做推荐量的运动。

ADAM: Mm, so you can see why obesity is growing.

亚当：嗯。你看这就是肥胖的人数在上升的原因。

ROSIE: So how can people be encouraged to take more exercise?

罗西：那么怎样才能鼓励人们多锻炼呢？

ADAM: Well, for example, think of the location of stairs in a train station.

亚当：举个例子，想想火车站楼梯的位置。

If people reach the stairs before they reach the escalator when they're leaving the station, they're more likely to take the stairs.

在离开车站时，如果旅客在到达自动扶梯之前到达楼梯口，他们更有可能走楼梯。

And if you increase the width of the stairs, you'll get more people using them at the same time.

如果增加楼梯的宽度，就可以让更多的旅客同时走楼梯。

It's an unconscious process and influenced by minor modifications in their environment.

这是周围环境中微小的变化引起的无意识的行为。

ROSIE: Right. And it might not be a big change, but if it happens every day, it all adds up.

罗西：是的。这可能不是一个大的变化，但如果每天都发生，效果会逐渐加强。

ADAM: Yes. But actually, I'm not sure if we should be talking about exercise in our presentation.

亚当：对。但是实际上我不确定我们是否应该在展示中谈论锻炼。

ROSIE: Well, we've done quite a bit of reading about it.

罗西：那我们已经读了很多关于锻炼的书目了。

ADAM: I know, but it's going to mean we have a very wide focus, and our tutor did say that we need to focus on causes and solutions in terms of nutrition.

亚当：我知道，但这将意味着我们有一个非常广泛的关注点，我们的导师说，我们需要从营养的角度分析原因和解决方法。

ROSIE: I suppose so. And we've got plenty of information about that.

罗西：我想是的。我们有很多关于这个主题的信息。

OK, well that will be simpler.

好吧，那这样就会简单多了。

ADAM: So what shall we do now?

亚当：那我们现在要做什么呢？

We've still got half an hour before our next lecture.

下节课开始前我们还有半小时时间。

ROSIE: Let's think about what we're going to include and what will go where.

罗西：让我们想想要涵盖的内容以及不同内容在展示中的顺序。

Then we can decide what slides we need.

然后我们就能决定我们需要哪些幻灯片。

ADAM: OK, fine.

亚当：好的。