PART 4

You will hear part of a lecture to medical students about playing music to patients who are in hospital for surgery.

你将听到一段面向医学生的讲座，内容是给住院接受手术的患者播放音乐。

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

首先，你有一些时间查看第31至第40题。

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

现在请仔细听，并回答第31至第40题。

Today's lecture is about studies that look at how music therapy can be used to help patients who undergo surgery.

今天的讲座是关于研究如何利用音乐治疗来帮助接受手术的患者。

Now, most people undergo a surgical procedure at some point in their lives. And more than fifty-one million operations are performed annually in the USA.

现在，大多数人在生命中的某个时刻都会接受手术，美国每年进行超过5100万次手术。

But there's no escaping the fact that most patients feel uncomfortable following surgery. They may have difficulty mobilising, and even sitting up in bed can feel too much.

但无法回避的事实是，大多数患者在手术后感到不适。他们可能在行动方面有困难，甚至坐在床上都可能感觉很吃力。

They may also be negatively affected by having their routine disturbed, you know, like if they can't do the things they normally do, or have to devote a lot of time to appointments such as physiotherapy, to aid their recovery.

他们也可能因为日常规律被打乱而受到负面影响，比如如果他们不能做他们通常做的事情，或者必须花大量时间参加物理治疗等预约来帮助康复。

Currently, the main strategy for improving recovery is medication to control pain, and this can be administered to patients in the short, medium or longer term, depending on the extent of their surgery.

目前，改善康复的主要策略是用药物控制疼痛，这可以根据手术的程度在短期、中期或较长期内给予患者。

But music is still not an everyday part of the post-surgical phase, despite a wealth of relevant studies supporting its potential in recovery.

但音乐仍然不是术后阶段的日常部分，尽管有大量相关研究支持其在康复中的潜力。

Earlier this year, a research team set out to assess all the available evidence so that they could highlight the potential for music in surgical recovery.

今年早些时候，一个研究团队着手评估所有可用的证据，以便他们能够突出音乐在手术康复中的潜力。

They identified nearly a hundred trials involving a total of seven thousand patients who were played recorded music as part of their post-operative care.

他们确定了近100项试验，涉及总共7000名患者，这些患者在术后护理中接受了录制音乐的播放。

The researchers then looked at what impact the music had on the patients.

研究人员随后研究了音乐对患者的影响。

They discovered that patients who had been played music reported feeling happier and more satisfied in the post-operative phase, and the length of their stay was shorter than for patients who had not listened to any music.

他们发现，接受音乐播放的患者报告说在术后阶段感到更快乐、更满意，而且他们的住院时间比没有听音乐的患者更短。

The researchers also explored the patients' choice of music, and their findings showed that a wide variety of music styles was evident.

研究人员还探索了患者的音乐选择，他们的发现表明各种各样的音乐风格都有。

However, a common factor was that the chosen music had a calming quality.

然而，一个共同因素是所选的音乐具有平静的特质。

Some of the patients listened to music with headphones, but it was quiet enough not to prevent them from being able to communicate with nurses and other staff.

一些患者戴着耳机听音乐，但音量足够低，不会妨碍他们与护士和其他工作人员交流。

More often though, the mode of delivery was by what are known as music pillows. These broadcast sound that is only audible to the person lying on them.

不过，更常见的传送方式是所谓的音乐枕。这些枕头播放的声音只有躺在上面的人才能听到。

The research involved testing music before, during or after operations or a combination. Some patients listened to the music just once a day, while others had several episodes a day.

研究涉及在手术前、手术中或手术后或两者结合的情况下测试音乐。一些患者每天只听一次音乐，而另一些患者每天听几次。

When asked to report their experience of listening to music, surgical patients said that either they had no feelings of anxiety at any point, or those feelings were only slight.

当被要求报告听音乐的体验时，手术患者说他们要么在任何时候都没有焦虑感，要么这些感觉只是轻微的。

Patients who hadn't listened to music, on the other hand, reported higher levels of dissatisfaction.

另一方面，没有听音乐的患者报告了更高程度的不满。

This feedback from all of the patients was then cross-checked against their medical notes.

然后，所有患者的反馈与他们的医疗记录进行了交叉核对。

And in every case, those who were given music to listen to didn't need as much medication to ease their pain as those patients who weren't played music.

在每种情况下，那些被给予音乐听的患者不需要像没有播放音乐的患者那么多的药物来缓解疼痛。

The type of music, patient choice and timing, before, during or after the surgery didn't make much difference.

音乐的类型、患者的选择以及手术前、手术中或手术后的时间安排没有太大差别。

And it even worked when patients were played music under general anaesthetic, although the positive effects were greater when patients were awake.

而且当患者在全身麻醉下播放音乐时也有效果，尽管当患者清醒时正面效果更大。

All the evidence suggests that music has a positive effect on post-operative patients, but it's not entirely clear how or why this is the case.

所有证据表明音乐对术后患者有积极影响，但尚不完全清楚这是如何以及为什么发生的。

A lot of people listen to music in daily life as a way to relax and forget their problems, but the researchers came to the conclusion that it worked on patients by distraction. I suppose it was something familiar and gave them something they could control.

很多人在日常生活中听音乐作为放松和忘记烦恼的方式，但研究人员得出结论，它通过分散注意力对患者起作用。我想这是熟悉的东西，给了他们一些可以控制的事情。

The researchers say there is now sufficient research to demonstrate that music should be available to all patients undergoing operations.

研究人员说，现在有足够的研究证明音乐应该对所有接受手术的患者可用。

They say patients should be able to choose what they'd like to listen to, and if they prefer, recordings taken from nature can be just as good as music.

他们说患者应该能够选择他们想听什么，如果他们愿意，来自大自然的录音可以和音乐一样好。

Surgical teams may prefer patients to listen to music before the procedure or as soon as they arrive back onto the ward.

手术团队可能更希望患者在手术前或回到病房后尽快听音乐。

Clearly, there's more to learn about this area, and the team now plan to focus their next research on the most appropriate volume to play the music at.

显然，在这一领域还有更多东西需要学习，该团队现在计划将下一步研究集中在播放音乐的最合适音量上。

And I look forward to reading the results of their study. It will be interesting to see …

我期待阅读他们研究的结果。看看……将会很有趣。