Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

现在请仔细听，并回答第31至第40题。

For my presentation today I'm going to talk about some of the issues facing the cruise ship industry and then some ways these can be addressed.

今天的报告中，我将谈谈邮轮行业面临的一些问题，以及可以应对这些问题的一些方法。

The cruise ship industry has partly been responsible for the effects of overtourism in recent decades. Overtourism occurs in places where excessive numbers of tourists cause significant problems.

邮轮行业近几十年来对过度旅游的影响负有一定责任。过度旅游发生在游客数量过多导致严重问题的地方。

Pollution, for example, is among the greatest threats to many popular tourist destinations.

例如，污染是许多热门旅游目的地面临的最大威胁之一。

Of course, for many places it's a difficult balance to achieve.

当然，对许多地方来说，这是一个难以实现的平衡。

They want to promote their city or island as a desirable tourist destination, but at the same time, are unable to cope with thousands of cruise ship passengers on a daily basis.

他们希望将自己的城市或岛屿推广为理想的旅游目的地，但同时，又无法每天应对成千上万的邮轮乘客。

The trouble is, excessive tourism is destroying the beauty spots and places of interest that people come to visit.

问题是，过度旅游正在破坏人们前来参观的美景和名胜古迹。

Several cities, such as Barcelona, have responded by imposing a tax which all visitors to the city from cruise ships have to pay.

一些城市，如巴塞罗那，通过征收所有邮轮游客必须缴纳的税款来应对这一问题。

But as it's only a couple of euros, many green campaigners think it won't deter enough people to make any difference.

但由于只是几欧元，许多环保人士认为这不足以阻止足够多的人从而产生任何变化。

Bruges is another city which became impossible to navigate at times because of the huge numbers of cruise passengers arriving on day trips from the port of Zeebrugge.

布鲁日是另一个因大量邮轮乘客从泽布吕赫港抵达进行一日游而有时变得难以通行的城市。

The city was becoming like a 'theme park', with shops only catering for tourists, selling chocolate, which Belgium is famous for, and other souvenirs. The local council took action to limit cruise passengers to a more manageable level.

这座城市正变得像一个「主题公园」，商店只迎合游客，出售比利时著名的巧克力和其他纪念品。当地议会采取行动将邮轮乘客限制在一个更可管理的水平。

Dubrovnik had to limit the numbers of cruise ships after it became extremely popular as a cruise ship destination when it featured in a hugely successful TV series.

杜布罗夫尼克在一部大获成功的电视剧中出现后，作为邮轮目的地变得极为热门，不得不限制邮轮数量。

What it does now is control the timing of all cruise ship entries to the city's port. However, many people feel this measure does not go far enough.

它现在所做的是控制所有邮轮进入城市港口的时间，然而，许多人认为这一措施还不够彻底。

Cruise ships may be unpopular in some of their destinations but they also have an image problem.

邮轮在某些目的地可能不受欢迎，但它们也存在形象问题。

They've always been perceived as a safe holiday for the elderly, with not much on offer for families or young couples.

它们一直被视为老年人的安全假期，对家庭或年轻夫妇来说没有太多可提供的内容。

A recent survey showed that cost is also a major factor in putting younger groups off going on a cruise.

最近的一项调查显示，费用也是让年轻群体对邮轮望而却步的主要因素。

But what they don't realise is that compared to other types of package holidays, cruises can actually be good value, as all activities and drinks are often included.

但他们没有意识到的是，与其他类型的套餐假期相比，邮轮实际上性价比很高，因为所有活动和饮料通常都包含在内。

And another perception is that cruises have lots of rules about what to wear and how to behave. But these days, most cruises are no longer very formal and behind the times.

另一个看法是，邮轮对着装和行为有很多规定。但如今，大多数邮轮不再那么正式和守旧了。

So what solutions are there for cruise lines to overcome some of these problems? How can they appeal to younger customers? Well one selling point is that cruise ships are becoming more sustainable.

那么邮轮公司有哪些解决方案来克服这些问题？他们如何吸引年轻顾客？一个卖点是邮轮变得更加可持续。

New ships are built with hybrid engines with large batteries which means ships do not have to keep their engines running while docked.

新船配备了带有大型电池的混合动力发动机，这意味着船只在停靠时不必保持发动机运转。

Cruise lines are also designing ships specially for those in the age range of 21 to 45. The décor in these feels contemporary and there are a range of activities on board that you wouldn't find on a more traditional cruise.

邮轮公司还专门为21至45岁年龄段的人设计船只。这些船的装饰感觉很现代，船上有一系列在传统邮轮上找不到的活动。

There's even a boxing ring on one ship, and most offer diving expeditions. But there's also a huge focus on well-being with a variety of sessions of different kinds.

其中一艘船甚至有拳击台，大多数船提供潜水探险活动，同时也非常注重健康，提供各种不同类型的课程。

Food is always a very important part of any cruise and cruise ships have had to radically update their menus to suit the tastes of their younger customers.

食物始终是任何邮轮非常重要的一部分，邮轮公司不得不彻底更新菜单以满足年轻顾客的口味。

Vegan dishes are standard, for example. The restaurants on board have also gone paperless with menus available on screen.

例如，纯素菜肴已成为标准配置。船上的餐厅也已无纸化，菜单在屏幕上显示。

Unlike older generations who went on cruises largely to get away from everything, younger people expect to be able to keep in touch with friends and family.

与主要为了逃离一切而乘坐邮轮的老一代人不同，年轻人希望能够与朋友和家人保持联系。

Many people going on longer cruises also spend time working, so companies have to guarantee wifi that can be relied upon at all times.

许多乘坐较长行程邮轮的人也会花时间工作，因此公司必须保证随时可靠的WiFi。

My grandparents used to love looking through cruise brochures, even when they weren't planning on going on a cruise. Until very recently TV ads for cruises always felt dated and aimed at retirees.

我的祖父母过去常常喜欢翻阅邮轮宣传册，即使他们没有计划乘坐邮轮。直到最近，邮轮的电视广告总是感觉过时，针对退休人员。

Cruise lines have been slow to adopt the power of social media but that's all changing. Leading cruise lines now employ top agencies to produce first rate videos for social media channels.

邮轮公司一直缓慢地采用社交媒体的力量，但这一切都在改变。领先的邮轮公司现在聘用顶级机构为社交媒体渠道制作一流视频。

It will be interesting to see whether …

看看是否……将会很有趣。