PART 3

You will hear part of a discussion between two textile students about their research into sustainable fashion.

你将听到两名纺织专业学生讨论他们对可持续时尚的研究。

First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24.

首先，你有一些时间查看第21至第24题。

Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.

现在请仔细听，并回答第21至第24题。

MADDY: Shall we go through our research for our sustainable fashion project?

麦迪：我们来回顾一下我们可持续时尚项目的研究吧？

RYAN: Good idea. I think I've done enough reading now.

瑞恩：好主意，我想我现在已经读了足够多了。

MADDY: Me too. I've learnt such a lot about what sustainability actually means.

麦迪：我也是，我学到了很多关于可持续性的真正含义。

RYAN: Mmm, same for me with ethical fashion. I didn't really appreciate the difference between that and sustainable fashion before doing this research.

瑞恩：嗯，我对道德时尚的了解也一样。在做这项研究之前，我并没有真正理解道德时尚与可持续时尚之间的区别。

MADDY: I know – most people use these terms interchangeably – but in fact the difference is quite distinct when you think about it. Sustainable relates to the environment and ethical relates more to the way workers or animals are treated.

麦迪：我知道——大多数人互换使用这些术语——但实际上，当您仔细想想时，这两者的区别是相当明显的。可持续性与环境有关，而道德性则更多涉及对待工人或动物的方式。

RYAN: I totally understand why people get confused, though. There are so many other terms used – like 'eco-friendly', which is actually quite meaningless.

瑞恩：不过，我完全理解为什么人们会感到困惑。有很多其他术语被使用——比如「环保」，实际上这个词相当没有意义。

MADDY: And the way companies use these terms when describing their products doesn't help. They're often deliberately vague, I think, and don't provide enough information about how their products are made.

麦迪：而且公司在描述其产品时使用这些术语的方式也没有帮助。我认为他们往往是故意含糊其辞，没有提供足够的关于其产品如何制造的信息。

RYAN: Yes.

瑞恩：是的。

MADDY: It was interesting to read about the debates surrounding wool production and how ethical and sustainable that is. It's generally considered to be sustainable because it's a natural product.

麦迪：读到关于羊毛生产及其道德性和可持续性的争论很有趣。它通常被认为是可持续的，因为它是天然产品。

RYAN: And it also lasts a long time and can be recycled. All very positive. But I wasn't convinced by the argument that wool production is sustainable because it doesn't use many chemicals – what about all the fungicides and insecticides used in sheep farming?

瑞恩：而且它经久耐用，可以回收，都非常积极。但我不被羊毛生产因不使用太多化学品而可持续的论点所说服——那么养羊中使用的所有杀真菌剂和杀虫剂呢？

MADDY: Good point. And I couldn't find any evidence for the claim about sheep farming being better for the environment than cattle farming.

麦迪：好观点，我找不到任何证据支持养羊比养牛对环境更好的说法。

RYAN: No – they're both really bad. I read different reports about how unethical it is to even shear sheep. Some people say it's cruel but as long as the sheep are kept in good condition I can't see anything wrong with it.

瑞恩：不——它们都很糟糕。我读到不同的报告，说甚至剪羊毛都是不道德的。有些人说这是残忍的，但只要羊保持良好状态，我看不出有什么问题。

MADDY: Me neither.

麦迪：我也是。

Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30.

在你听剩余讨论之前，你有一些时间查看第25至第30题。

Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.

现在请听录音，并回答第25至第30题。

RYAN: Shall we talk about some of the semi-synthetic new fabrics now?

瑞恩：我们现在来谈谈一些新的半合成织物吧？

MADDY: OK, let's do that.

麦迪：好的，我们来谈吧。

RYAN: Let's start with Lyocell, I've been reading about that.

瑞恩：我们从莱赛尔开始，我一直在阅读相关内容。

MADDY: Yeah, that's the one produced from the pulp of eucalyptus trees, isn't it?

麦迪：是的，那是由桉树浆生产的，不是吗？

RYAN: Yes, and what happens with that is really impressive. Over 99% of dissolving agents used in the manufacturing process are used again.

瑞恩：是的，其生产过程令人印象深刻，制造过程中使用的99%以上的溶剂会被再次使用。

MADDY: Yeah. Now, there are a few semi-synthetic fabrics that I'd never heard of. Like Cupro, for example.

麦迪：是的。现在，有一些我以前从未听说过的半合成织物，比如铜氨纤维。

RYAN: Made from byproducts of the cotton industry to create a kind of vegan silk. But I'm not sure how sustainable this really is as there are so many reports of pollution caused by the manufacturing process.

瑞恩：由棉花工业的副产品制成，创造出一种纯素丝绸。但我不确定这究竟有多可持续，因为有很多关于制造过程造成污染的报道。

MADDY: Mmm. It doesn't compare favourably with all the other sustainable fabrics we've looked at, no.

麦迪：嗯，与我们研究过的所有其他可持续织物相比，它并不占优势，不。

RYAN: Bamboo is one fabric we're all familiar with. But I didn't know that it was only organic bamboo that's truly sustainable.

瑞恩：竹子是我们都熟悉的一种织物。但我不知道只有有机竹子才是真正可持续的。

MADDY: Me neither. Apparently, the manufacturing process for a significant proportion of bamboo is chemically quite intensive – which obviously can be quite damaging.

麦迪：我也不知道。显然，相当大比例的竹子的制造过程在化学上相当密集——这显然可能造成相当大的损害。

RYAN: EcoVero is an example of a semi-synthetic fabric which is becoming really popular.

瑞恩：EcoVero是一种越来越受欢迎的半合成织物的例子。

MADDY: Probably because manufacturing causes 50 percent fewer emissions and takes up half as much energy as conventional fabrics. That saves production costs as well as being better for the environment.

麦迪：可能是因为制造过程产生的排放减少了50%，消耗的能量也只有传统织物的一半，这既节省了生产成本，对环境也更好。

RYAN: That's true. I think demand for cork will continue to grow. It works really well in vegan shoes and bags.

瑞恩：确实如此。我认为对软木的需求将继续增长，它在纯素鞋和包中效果非常好。

MADDY: Mmm and it's the only fabric that's fundamentally sustainable – the cork trees it comes from are renewable and the product itself is both recyclable and biodegradable – which is unique.

麦迪：嗯，它是唯一根本上可持续的织物——它来自的软木树是可再生的，产品本身既可回收又可生物降解——这是独一无二的。

RYAN: And the harvesting process is actually good for the trees. There are no downsides to using this source at all.

瑞恩：收获过程实际上对树木有益，使用这种来源完全没有缺点。

MADDY: Hemp is another really good sustainable fabric from a natural source.

麦迪：麻是另一种非常好的来自天然来源的可持续织物。

RYAN: Yes. Did you know that clothes made from hemp protect the wearer from the sun and it's also antibacterial?

瑞恩：是的。您知道由麻制成的衣服可以保护穿戴者免受阳光照射，而且它还具有抗菌性？

MADDY: No, I didn't. But I did read that it's quite hard to grow, so perhaps that's why it's not as common as you'd think.

麦迪：不，我不知道。但我确实读到过它很难种植，所以也许这就是为什么它不像您想象的那么普遍。

RYAN: I'm sure that'll change.

瑞恩：我相信这会改变的。