2025年1月18日雅思考试已经结束, 那这次考试阅读都考了哪些内容呢？本文为大家整理了2025年1月18日雅思考试题阅读回忆及答案，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

　　 阅读

　　一、 考试概述：

　　本场考试两旧一新，难度高。第一篇新能源，属于常考的题材;第二篇主题仍然是生态环保类，土地沙漠化，2024/5/11考过;第三篇电子信号对飞行的影响，难度高。

　　二、具体题目分析：

　　Passage One：

　　n 文章题材：说明文(生态环境类)

　　n 文章题目：海洋的可循环新能源

　　n 文章难度：★★★

　　n 题型及数量：多选+填空+判断

　　n 题目及答案：待补充

　　可参考真题：剑桥9—TEST3 Passage2 Tidal Power

　　Passage Two：

　　n 文章题材：说明文(生态环境类)

　　n 文章题目：土地沙漠化

　　n 文章难度：★★★

　　n 题型及数量：填空+匹配

　　n 题目及答案：

　　Deforestation in the 21st century

　　When it comes to cutting down trees, satellite data reveals a shift from the patterns of the past

　　A

　　Globally, roughly 13 million hectares of forest are destroyed each year. Such deforestation has long been driven by farmers desperate to earn a living or by loggers building new roads into pristine forest. But now new data appears to show that big, block clearings that reflect industrial deforestation have come to dominate, rather than these smaller-scale efforts that leave behind long, narrow swaths of cleared land. Geographer Ruth DeFries of Columbia University and her colleagues used satellite images to analyse tree-clearing in countries ringing the tropics, representing 98 per cent of all remaining tropical forest. Instead of the usual ‘fish bone' signature of deforestation from small-scale operations, large, chunky blocks of cleared land reveal a new motive for cutting down woods.

　　B

　　In fact, a statistical analysis of 41 countries showed that forest loss rates were most closely linked with urban population growth and agricultural exports in the early part of the 21st century - even overall population growth was not as strong an influence. ‘In previous decades, deforestation was associated with planned colonisation, resettlement schemes in local areas and farmers clearing land to grow food for subsistence,' DeFries says. ‘What we’re seeing now is a shift from small-scale farmers driving deforestation to distant demands from urban growth, agricultural trade and exports being more important drivers.’

　　C

　　In other words, the increasing urbanisation of the developing world, as populations leave rural areas to concentrate in booming cities, is driving deforestation, rather than containing it. Coupled with this there is an ongoing increase in consumption in the developed world of products that have an impact on forests, whether furniture, shoe leather or chicken feed. ‘One of the really striking characteristics of this century is urbanisation and rapid urban growth in the developing world,’ DeFries says, ‘People in cities need to eat.’ ‘There’s no surprise there,’ observes Scott Poynton, executive director of the Tropical Forest Trust, a Switzerland-based organisation that helps businesses implement and manage sustainable forestry in countries such as Brazil, Congo and Indonesia. ‘It’s not about people chopping down trees. It's all the people in New York, Europe and elsewhere who want cheap products, primarily food.’

　　D

　　Dearies argues that in order to help sustain this increasing urban and global demand, agricultural productivity will need to be increased on lands that have already been cleared. This means that better crop varieties or better management techniques will need to be used on the many degraded and abandoned lands in the tropics. And the Tropical Forest Trust is building management systems to keep illegally harvested wood from ending up in, for example, deck chairs, as well as expanding its efforts to look at how to reduce the ‘forest footprint’ of agricultural products such as palm oil. Poynton says, ‘The point is to give forests value as forests, to keep them as forests and give them a use as forests. They’re not going to be locked away as national parks. That’s not going to happen.’

　　E

　　But it is not all bad news. Halts in tropical deforestation have resulted in forest regrowth in some areas where tropical lands were previously cleared. And forest clearing in the Amazon, the world’s largest tropical forest, dropped from roughly 1.9 million hectares a year in the 1990s to 1.6 million hectares a year over the last decade, according to the Brazilian government. 'We know that deforestation has slowed down in at least the Brazilian Amazon,’ DeFries says. ‘Every place is different. Every country has its own particular situation, circumstances and driving forces.’

　　F

　　Regardless of this, deforestation continues, and cutting down forests is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity - a double blow that both eliminates a biological system to suck up C02 and creates a new source of greenhouse gases in the form of decaying plants. The United Nations Environment Programme estimates that slowing such deforestation could reduce some 50 billion metric tons of C02, or more than a year of global emissions. Indeed, international climate negotiations continue to attempt to set up a system to encourage this, known as the UN Development Programme’s fund for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). If policies [like REDD] are to be effective, we need to understand what the driving forces are behind deforestation, DeFries argues. This is particularly important in the light of new pressures that are on the horizon: the need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and find alternative power sources, particularly for private cars, is forcing governments to make products such as biofuels more readily accessible. This will only exacerbate the pressures on tropical forests.

　　G

　　But millions of hectares of pristine forest remain to protect, according to this new analysis from Columbia University. Approximately 60 percent of the remaining tropical forests are in countries or areas that currently have little agricultural trade or urban growth. The amount of forest area in places like central Africa, Guyana and Suriname, DeFries notes, is huge. ‘There’s a lot of forest that has not yet faced these pressures.’

　　Questions 1-6

　　Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

　　Which paragraph contains the following information?

　　NB: You may use any letter more than once.

　　1 two ways that farming activity might be improved in the future

　　2 reference to a fall in the rate of deforestation in one area

　　3 the amount of forest cut down annually

　　4 how future transport requirements may increase deforestation levels

　　5 a reference to the typical shape of early deforested areas

　　6 key reasons why forests in some areas have not been cut down

　　Questions 7-8

　　Choose TWO letters, A-E.

　　Which TWO of these reasons do experts give for current patterns of deforestation?

　　A to provide jobs

　　B to create transport routes

　　C to feed city dwellers

　　D to manufacture low-budget consumer items

　　E to meet government targets

　　Questions 9-10

　　Choose TWO letters, A-E.

　　The list below gives some of the impacts of tropical deforestation.

　　Which TWO of these results are mentioned by the writer of the text?

　　A local food supplies fall

　　B soil becomes less fertile

　　C some areas have new forest growth

　　D some regions become uninhabitable

　　E local economies suffer

　　Questions 11-13

　　Complete the sentences below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

　　11 The expression ‘a __________ ’ is used to assess the amount of wood used in certain types of production.

　　12 Greenhouse gases result from the __________ that remain after trees have been cut down.

　　13 About __________ of the world’s tropical forests have not experienced deforestation yet.

　　参考答案

　　1. D

　　2. E

　　3. A

　　4. F

　　5. A

　　6. G

　　7. C

　　8. D

　　9. B

　　10. C

　　11. forest footprint

　　12. decaying plants

　　13. 60 percent

　　*本文话题与实考一致，但是文章和题目与考试有出入，仅供各位考生复习使用~

　　可参考真题：剑桥19——TEST3 Passage2 The global importance of wetlands

　　Passage Three：

　　n 文章题材：议论文(交通与旅行)

　　n 文章题目：电子信号影响飞行

　　n 文章难度：★★★★

　　n 题型及数量：匹配+判断

　　n 题目及答案：

　　Flight from Reality

　　Mobiles are barred, but passengers can lap away on their laptops to their hearts’ content. Is one really safer than the other? In the US, a Congressional subcommittee grilled airline representatives and regulators about the issue last month. But the committee heard that using cellphones in planes may indeed pose a risk albeit a slight one. This would seem to vindicate the treatment of Manchester oil worker Neil Whitehouse, who was sentenced last summer to a year in jail by a British court for refusing to turn off his mobile phone on a flight home from Madrid. Although he was only typing a message to be sent on landing not actually making a call, the court decided that hems putting the flight at risk.

　　A

　　The potential for problems is certainly there. Modern airliners are packed with electronic devices that control the plane and handle navigation and communications. Each has to meet stringent safeguards to make sure it doesn’t emit radiation that would interfere with other devices in the plane-standards that passengers’ personal electronic devices don’t necessarily meet. Emissions from inside the plane could also interfere with sensitive antennae on the fixed exterior.

　　B

　　But despite running a number of studies, Boeing, Airbus and various government agencies haven’t been able to find clear evidence of problems caused by personal electronic devices, including mobile phones. “We’ve done our own studies. We’ve found cellphones actually have no impact on the navigation system,” says Maryanne Greczyn, a spokeswoman for Airbus Industries of North America in Herndon, Virginia, Not do they affect other critical systems, she says The only impact Airbus found? “Sometimes when a passenger is starting or finishing a phone call, the pilot hears a wry slight beep in the headset,” she says.

　　C

　　The best evidence yet of a problem comes from a report released this year by Britain’s Civil Aviation Authority. Its researchers generated simulated cellphone transmissions inside two Boeing aircraft. They concluded that the transmissions could create signals at a power and frequency that would not affect the latest equipment, but exceeded the safety threshold established in 1984 and might, therefore, affect some of the older equipment on board. This doesn’t mean “mission critical” equipment such as the navigation system and flight controls. But the devices that could be affected, such as smoke detectors and fuel level indicators, could still create serious problems for the flight crew if they malfunction.

　　D

　　Many planes still use equipment certified to the older standards, says Dan Hawkes, head of avionics at the CAA’s Safely Regulation Croup. The CAA study doesn’t prove the equipment will actually fail when subjected to the signals but does show there’s a danger. “We’ve taken some of the uncertainty out of these beliefs,” he says Another study later this year will see if the cellphone signals actually cause devices to fail.

　　E

　　In 1996, RTCA, a consultant hired by the Federal Aviation Administration in the US to conduct tests, determined that potential problems from personal electronic devices were “low”. Nevertheless, it recommended a ban on their use during “critical” periods of flight, such as take-off and landing. RTCA didn’t actually test cellphones, but nevertheless recommended their wholesale ban on flights, But if “better safe than sorry” is the current policy, it’s applied inconsistently, according to Marshall Cross, the chairman of Mega Wave Corporation, based in Boylston, Massachusetts. Why are cellphones outlawed when no one considers a ban on laptops? “It’s like most things in life. The reason is a little bit technical, a little bit economic and a little bit political,” says Cross.

　　F

　　The company wrote a report for the FAA in 1998 saying it is possible to build an on-board system that can detect dangerous signals from electronic devices. But Cross’s personal conclusion is that mobile phones aren’t the real threat. “You’d have to stretch things pretty far to figure out how a cellphone could interfere with a plane’s systems,” he says. Cellphones transmit in ranges of around 400, 800 or 1800 megahertz. Since no important piece of aircraft equipment operates at those frequencies, the possibility of interference is very low, Cross says. The use of Computers and electronic game systems is much more worrying, lie says. They can generate very strong signals at frequencies that could interfere with plane electronics, especially if a mouse is attached {the wire operates as an antenna or if their built-in shielding is somehow damaged. Some airlines are even planning to put sockets for laptops in seatbacks.

　　G

　　There’s fairly convincing anecdotal evidence that some personal electronic devices have interfered with systems. Aircrew on one flight found that the autopilot was being disconnected, and narrowed the problem down to a passenger’s portable computer. They could actually watch the autopilot disconnect when they switched the computer on. Boeing bought the computer, took it to the airline’s labs and even tested it on an empty flight. But as with every other reported instance of interference, technicians were unable to replicate the problem.

　　H

　　Some engineers, however, such as Bruce Donham of Boeing, say that common sense suggests phones are more risky than laptops. “A device capable of producing a strong emission is not as safe as a device which does not have any intentional emission,” lie says. Nevertheless, many experts think it’s illogical that cellphones are prohibited when computers aren’t. Besides, the problem is more complicated than simply looking at power and frequency. In the air, the plane operates in a soup of electronic emissions, created by its own electronics and by ground-based radiation. Electronic devices in the cabin-especially those emitting a strong signal-can behave unpredictably, reinforcing other signals, for instance, or creating unforeseen harmonics that disrupt systems.

　　I

　　Despite the Congressional subcommittee hearings last month, no one seems to be working seriously on a technical solution that would allow passengers to use their phones. That’s mostly because no one -besides cellphone users themselves-stands to gain a lot if the phones are allowed in the air. Even the cellphone companies don’t want it. They are concerned that airborne signals could cause problems by flooding a number of the networks’ base stations at once with the same signal This effect, called bigfooting, happens because airborne cellphone signals tend to go to many base stations at once, unlike land calls which usually go to just one or two stations. In the US, even if FAA regulations didn’t prohibit cellphones in the air, Federal Communications Commission regulations would.

　　J

　　Possible solutions might be to enhance airliners’ electronic insulation or to fit detectors which warned flight staff when passenger devices were emitting dangerous signals. But Cross complains that neither the FAA, the airlines nor the manufacturers are showing much interest in developing these. So despite Congressional suspicions and the occasional irritated (or jailed) mobile user, the industry’s “better safe than sorry” policy on mobile phones seems likely to continue. In the absence of firm evidence that the international airline industry is engaged in a vast conspiracy to overcharge its customers, a delayed phone call seems a small price to pay for even the tiniest reduction in the chances of a Plane Crash. But you’ll still be allowed to use your personal computer during a flight. And while that remains the case, airlines can hardly claim that logic has prevailed.

　　Questions 1-4

　　Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage.

　　Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

　　The would-be risk surely exists, since the avionic systems on modern aircraft are used to manage flight and deal with 1__________ Those devices are designed to meet the safety criteria which should be free from interrupting 2 __________. The personal use of a mobile phone may cause the sophisticated 3 __________ outside of the plane to dysfunction. Though definite interference in piloting devices has not been scientifically testified, the devices such as those which detect 4__________ or indicate fuel load could be affected.

　　Questions 5-9

　　Use the information in the passage to match the Organization (listed A-E) with opinions or deeds below.

　　Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.

　　A British Civil Aviation Authority

　　B Maryanne Greczyn

　　C RTCA

　　D Marshall Cross

　　E Boeing company

　　5 Mobile usages should be forbidden in specific fame.

　　6 Computers are more dangerous than cell phones.

　　7 Finding that the mobile phones pose little risk on flight’s navigation devices.

　　8 The disruption of laptops is not as dangerous as cellphones.

　　9 The mobile signal may have an impact on earlier devices.

　　Questions 10-13

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

　　In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement is true

　　FALSE if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　10 Almost all scientists accept that cellphones have higher emission than that of personal computers.

　　11 Some people believe that radio emission will interrupt the equipment on the plane.

　　12 The signal interference-detecting device has not yet been developed because they are in priority for neither administrative department nor offer an economic incentive.

　　13 FAA initialed open debate with Federal Communications Commission.

　　参考答案

　　1. navigation and communications

　　2. radiation

　　3. antennae

　　4. smoke

　　5. C

　　6. D

　　7. B

　　8. E

　　9. A

　　10. FALSE

　　11. TRUE

　　12. TRUE

　　13. NOT GIVEN

　　可参考真题：剑桥8—TEST1 Passage2 'Air Traffic Control in the USA

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