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　　Test 3- Section 3

　　[00:45.21TUTOR: OK, Jim.

　　[00:46.67You wanted to see me about your textile design project.

　　[00:50.31JIM: That's right.

　　[00:51.25I've been looking at how a range of natural dyes can be used to colour fabrics like cotton and wool.

　　[00:57.54TUTOR: Why did you choose that topic?

　　[00:59.67JIM: Well, I got a lot of useful ideas from the museum, you know, at that exhibition of textiles.

　　[01:05.67But I've always been interested in anything to do with colour.

　　[01:09.21Years ago, I went to a carpet shop with my parents when we were on holiday in Turkey, and I remember all the amazing colours.

　　[01:16.51TUTOR: They might not all have been natural dyes.

　　[01:19.32JIM: Maybe not, but for the project I decided to follow it up.

　　[01:23.58And I found a great book about a botanic garden in California that specialises in plants used for dyes.

　　[01:30.54TUTOR: OK.

　　[01:31.42So, in your project, you had to include a practical investigation.

　　[01:35.69JIM: Yeah.

　　[01:37.10At first I couldn't decide on my variables.

　　[01:40.05I was going to just look at one type of fibre for example, like cotton ...

　　[01:44.41TUTOR: ... and see how different types of dyes affected it?

　　[01:47.36JIM: Yes.

　　[01:48.47Then I decided to include others as well, so I looked at cotton and wool and nylon.

　　[01:54.13TUTOR: With just one type of dye?

　　[01:55.87JIM: Various types, including some that weren't natural, for comparison.

　　[01:59.75TUTOR: OK.

　　[02:00.74JIM: So, I did the experiments last week.

　　[02:04.01I used some ready-made natural dyes, I found a website which supplied them, they came in just a few days, but I also made some of my own.

　　[02:12.79TUTOR: That must have taken quite a bit of time.

　　[02:15.22JIM: Yes, I'd thought it'd just be a matter of a teaspoon or so of dye, and actually that wasn't the case at all.

　　[02:22.54Like I was using one vegetable, beetroot, for a red dye, and I had to chop up a whole pile of it.

　　[02:29.06So it all took longer than I'd expected.

　　[02:31.74TUTOR: One possibility is to use food colourings.

　　[02:34.58JIM: I did use one.

　　[02:35.88That was a yellow dye, an artificial one.

　　[02:38.41TUTOR: Tartrazine?

　　[02:39.77JIM: Yeah.

　　[02:39.94I used it on cotton first.

　　[02:42.13It came out a great colour, but when I rinsed the material, the colour just washed away.

　　[02:47.11I'd been going to try it out on nylon, but I abandoned that idea.

　　[02:51.27TUTOR: Were you worried about health issues?

　　[02:54.00JIM: I'd thought if it's a legal food colouring, it must be safe.

　　[02:57.33TUTOR: Well, it can occasionally cause allergic reactions, I believe.

　　[03:47.50TUTOR: So what natural dyes did you look at?

　　[03:50.07JIM: Well, one was turmeric.

　　[03:52.37The colour's great, it's a really strong yellow.

　　[03:55.50It's generally used in dishes like curry.

　　[03:58.56TUTOR: It's meant to be quite good for your health when eaten, but you might find it's not permanent when it's used as a dye - a few washes, and it's gone.

　　[04:06.28JIM: Right.

　　[04:07.60I used beetroot as a dye for wool.

　　[04:10.32When I chop up beetroot to eat I always end up with bright red hands, but the wool ended up just a sort of watery cream shade.

　　[04:18.27Disappointing.

　　[04:18.73TUTOR: There's a natural dye called Tyrian purple.

　　[04:21.92Have you heard of that?

　　[04:22.71JIM: Yes.

　　[04:23.10It comes from a shellfish, and it was worn in ancient times but only by important people as it was so rare.

　　[04:30.41I didn't use it.

　　[04:32.26TUTOR: It fell out of use centuries ago, though one researcher managed to get hold of some recently.

　　[04:37.71But that shade of purple can be produced by chemical dyes nowadays.

　　[04:41.47Did you use any black dyes?

　　[04:43.40JIM: Logwood.

　　[04:44.66That was quite complicated.

　　[04:46.46I had to prepare the fabric so the dye would take.

　　[04:49.15TUTOR: I hope you were careful to wear gloves.

　　[04:50.81JIM: Yes.

　　[04:51.48I know the danger with that dye.

　　[04:52.96TUTOR: Good.

　　[04:53.39It can be extremely dangerous if it's ingested.

　　[04:55.80Now, presumably you had a look at an insect-based dye?

　　[04:58.80Like cochineal, for example?

　　[05:00.86JIM: Yes.

　　[05:01.85I didn't actually make that, I didn't have time to start crushing up insects to get the red colour and anyway they're not available here, but I managed to get the dye quite easily from a website.

　　[05:14.29But it cost a fortune.

　　[05:14.89I can see why it's generally just used in cooking, and in small quantities.

　　[05:19.71TUTOR: Yes, it's very effective, but that's precisely why it's not used as a dye.

　　[05:24.05JIM: I also read about using metal oxide.

　　[05:27.12Apparently you can allow iron to rust while it's in contact with the fabric, and that colours it.

　　[05:32.92TUTOR: Yes, that works well for dying cotton.

　　[05:35.55But you have to be careful as the metal can actually affect the fabric and so you can't expect to get a lot of wear out of fabrics treated in this way.

　　[05:42.71And the colours are quite subtle, not everyone likes them.

　　[05:47.08Anyway, it looks as if you've done a lot of work ...

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