内容简介

公园里的 “小凉亭” 用英语怎么说？一位听众就发来了与此有关的问题：单词 “gazebo”、“pavilion”、“pagoda”、“pergola” 和 “arbour” 分别指什么样的建筑？听节目，跟主持人 Beth 和步理学习五个表示 “亭台楼阁” 的单词。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.

Buli
And I'm Buli. 本期的 “你问我答” 节目中，我们要来回答一个和 “亭台楼阁” 有关的问题。

Question
I would like to distinguish the nuance between 'gazebo', 'pavilion', 'pagoda', 'pergola' and 'arbour'. They are confusing in definition. Thank you.

Beth
Lots of words there! And they all refer to some kind of structure, but they are all a bit different from each other. 

Buli
本期节目中提到了不少和建筑结构相关的名词，而且这些单词所指代的结构的确有些相似。所以，接下来我们将为大家讲解这五个词在英语中比较常见的意思。比如，“gazebo”。

Beth
A 'gazebo' is a temporary structure, often resembling a tent or marquee, that is used for events like weddings where guests can eat and enjoy a leisurely time while being sheltered from the weather.

Buli
“Gazebo” 这个词可以翻译为 “亭子” 或 “帐篷” 等，它指的是 “像凉亭一样有屋顶但没有墙壁的独立建筑物”，通常有遮荫避雨或者户外装饰的作用，既可以是临时的，也可以是固定的。在英国，“gazebo” 也常指 “为婚礼或活动搭建的临时帐篷”。来听一组例句。 

Examples
We're having a gazebo at the wedding. That's where everyone will eat and where the first dance will be.
（我们会在婚礼上搭一个帐篷。所有人都会在帐篷里用餐，在婚礼上跳第一支舞的环节也会在帐篷里进行。） 

Shall we buy a gazebo for the garden? It would be nice to have somewhere to sit and relax this summer.
（我们要不要买一个凉亭放在花园里？这个夏天能有个地方坐着休息放松就好了。）

Beth
Let's look at 'pavilion'. This can also be a tent-like structure, but it tends to be larger than a gazebo, and they are often erected in parks or at fairs.

Buli
是的。“Pavilion” 和 “gazebo” 一样，都是开放或半开放式的建筑，有 “为大型活动搭建的大帐篷或者场馆” 的意思，通常具有更多的功能。在英国，“pavilion” 还可以指 “板球（cricket）比赛场地旁边的选手席或看台”。一起来听下面的例句。

Examples
Let's sit in the pavilion because it has the best view of the players.
（我们坐到看台上吧，因为从那里观看选手比赛的视野最好。）

We're going to the fair, and I heard there's a cake competition happening in the pavilion. Let's go.
（我们要去游园会玩，我听说游园会的大帐篷里正在举办一场蛋糕大赛。走吧！）

Beth
A 'pagoda' is a tall religious building that has a lot of levels to its roof, which is usually curved and decorated.

Buli
“Pagoda” 这种建筑和以上的两种非常不同，它的意思是 “佛塔”，特别是亚洲文化中常以木材建造、以雕刻装饰的佛塔。来听一组例句。

Examples
On our holiday to Thailand, we went to a pagoda. The detail of the building was so beautiful.
（我们去泰国度假时参观了一座佛塔。那座塔的装饰细节真是太美了。）

I love seeing the pagodas in Japan because they are such a cultural icon of the country.
（我特别喜欢看日本的塔，因为这些塔是日本的文化象征。）

Buli
问题中提到的其它两种建筑结构，“pergola（藤架，绿廊）” 和 “arbour（花架，凉棚）” 都是在花园中常见的建筑物。

Beth
That's right. 'Pergolas' are structures you can sit under that can be attached to the back of the house, like a canopy that provides an extra living space.

Buli
“Pergola” 常常指的是 “庭院中用于遮阳的绿廊或通道”。与 “gazebo” 和 “pavilion” 不同，“pergola” 通常不具备遮风挡雨的功能，但可以作为玩耍或用餐的地方。来听一组例句。

Examples
Let's build a pergola in the back garden. Then we can have barbecues there in the summer.
（咱们在后花园里搭一个藤架吧。这样夏天的时候我们就能在那吃烧烤了。）

I'd love a pergola so that I can sit outside but not in direct sunlight.
（我想要一个绿廊，这样我就能坐在户外，还不会被阳光直晒。）

Beth
An 'arbour' is a smaller and more intimate structure that can be covered in climbing plants and that people can walk through. It's common to see them in gardens that the public can use, as well as private gardens.

Buli
是的。“Arbour” 常指 “花园中的凉棚或花架”，具有一定的私密性，通常可以供人们在一个有屋顶的地方歇息。来听两个例句。

Examples
As we walked through the gardens of the stately home, we admired the roses covering the arbours.
（我们穿过这处大庄园的花园时观赏了满花架的玫瑰。）

She's been reading outside in the arbour for hours.
（她在外面的小凉棚里看书看了好几个小时了。）

Buli
最后，让我们来总结一下本期节目中几个不同的建筑结构。“Gazebo” 的意思是 “独立的小凉亭或者小帐篷”；“pavilion” 是 “为大型活动搭建的大帐篷或半开放场馆” 或者 “板球等体育运动现场的看台”；“pagoda” 是 “木质的、雕刻有装饰的佛塔”；而 “pergola” 和 “arbour” 分别指的是 “藤架，绿廊” 和 “花架，凉棚”，都是在花园中常见的建筑。

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!