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2022年12月英语四级考试阅读考前冲刺模拟卷及答案(第2套)
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Excessively high or low body mass index (BMI) measurements have been linked to an increased risk of dying from nearly every major cause except transport accidents, new research says. The study, conducted by scientists at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, revealed that BMI that’s either too high or too low is tied to increased morbidity ( 致 病 率 ) from a range of major diseases.
Krishnan Bhaskaran, lead author of the study, noted that his team found “important associations ” between BMI and most causes of death. “BMI is a key indicator of health. We know that BMI is linked to the risk of dying overall, but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the links to deaths from specific causes,” he said. “We have filled this knowledge gap to help researchers, patients and doctors better understand how underweight and excess weight might be associated with diseases such as cancer, respiratory disease and liver disease.”
The study authors say they discovered that maintaining a BMI in the range of 21 to 25 kg/m2 is linked to the lowest level of morbidity. BMI outside this range was shown to have a “J-shaped association” with nearly all causes of death, not solely the most prevalent diseases. This means BMIs
both lower and higher than the optimal range lead to increased risk of morbidity.
The study, which analyzed data from 3.6 million people and 367,512 deaths, showed that obesity, or BMI of 30 or more, was linked to an increased prevalence of two major causes of death: heart disease and cancer. “BMI higher than 25, the upper end of healthy, is linked to most cancers, most cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease, and liver and kidney conditions,” Bhaskaran said.
Obesity was shown to reduce life expectancy by 4.2 years in men and 3.5 years in women, and it can contribute to other chronic conditions including respiratory disease, liver disease and diabetes. The
study also revealed that being underweight is linked to a “surprising wide range of deaths,” includ ing dementia, Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular disease and suicide. However, Bhaskaran noted that links between low BMI and causes of death were more “observative,” as it was less clear whether low weight was the direct cause of illness or rather a marker of poor health more generally.
46. According to the passage, it can be learned that excessively high or low BMI .
A) is the primary cause of humans' death.
B) leads to higher mortality than car accidents.
C) is linked to increased morbidity from diseases.
D) results from underweight and excess weight.
47. According to Krishnan Bhaskaran, what did pervious research on BMI fail to do?
A) Relate BMI to some specific illnesses.
B) Connect BMI to the risk of early deaths.
C) Fill the knowledge gap between patients and doctors
D) Associate overweight and underweight with severe diseases.
48. What did the study authors say about BMI?
A) BMIs lower than the optimal range mean direct causes of early deaths.
B) Keeping a proper BMI plays a very important role in staying healthy.
C) Maintaining a sensible BMI will avoid contracting any prevalent disease.
D) A BMI between 21 to 25 kg/m2 is linked to the highest level of risks.
49. According to Krishnan Bhaskaran, what problems would obesity most likely to trigger?
A) Dementia.
B) Heart disease.
C) Respiratory diseases.
D) Alzheimer ’s disease.
50. According to the passage, which of the following is true about a low BMI?
A) Its relation with causes of death is still implicit.
B) It leads to various serious chronic diseases.
C) It is would shorten the life span of humans.
D) It is the major causes for people to commit suicide.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Americans are reliant ( 依 靠 ) on their iPhones and Androids — and for good reason. Not only can you use it to call and text, but you can also play music, take photos, read the news, check the time, order a cab and more. The list never ends. To many, cell phones have become a vital part of daily life, but what you might not know is that they have the potential to be harmful to your health. In particular, excessive smartphone use can cause depression.
A 2018 study published in the U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health found
an “alarming” correlation between smartphone addiction and depression among a Middle Eastern sample group. Researchers said that reasonable usage of mobile phones is advised particularly among
younger adults and less educated users, who could be at higher risk of developing symptoms of depression. Experiments among Lebanese (黎巴嫩的) and Austrian university students found similar results.
Another study by researcher Jean Twenge found that teens who spend five or more hours per day on their phones are 71% more likely to become depressed. Those who spent more time playing sports, doing homework and socializing with friends face-to-face showed a lower risk.
“I think a great rule for both teens and adults is to try to keep your use at two hours a day or less,” Twenge. Twenge says 14 is the ideal age for a teen’s first smartphone. Why? Social media use and unhappiness are the strongest for 8th graders versus their older peers, she says. Two hours of phone time is “the sweet spot,” and three hours or more creates a pronounced risk for depression in both teens and adults.
How do you know if you’re experiencing the adverse effects of depression? According to the Mayo Clinic, signs could include a loss of interest or pleasure in day-to-day activities, lack of energy, reduced or increased appetite, weight loss or gain, anxiety, restlessness, slowed thinking, trouble concentrating, memory loss, back pain, headaches and suicidal thoughts. If you think a loved one is struggling with any of these symptoms, it’s time to be alert. After all, depression is just one of many ways your cell phone is affecting your health.
51. What does the author mainly want to convey in Paragraph 1?
A) Americans are keen on new-tech products such as iPhones.
B) Cellphones bring much convenience to people’s life.
C) Cellphones are irreplaceable in people’s daily life.
D) Cellphones might be harmful if not properly used.
52. According to the 2018 study published in the U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, we can learned that .
A) smartphone addiction definitely leads to depression among Middle Eastern people.
B) excessive use of smartphone is closely related to depression among some people.
C) younger adults and less educated people usually use mobile phones excessively.
D) it is advisable to pay great attention to people with the risk of depression
53. According to the passage, who are more likely to become depressed?
A) Those who spend six hours per day on their phones.
B) Those who play basketball with peers frequently.
C) Those who communicate with friends face-to-face.
D) Those who go outing with their parents frequently.
54. What does Jean Twenge say about social media use?
A) It provides kids with creative ways to get rid of depression.
B) It records every detail of youngsters’ growth over the years.
C) It enjoys more popularity among kids than among their older peers.
D) It exerts more negative influence on 8th graders than on grown-ups.
55. What would be the best title for the text?
A) Smartphone Addiction Among American Teens
B) How Your Cell Phone Could be Tied to Depression
C) How to Prevent Teens from Using Phones Excessively
D) How to Get Rid of the Bad Effects of Depression
答案：
Section C Passage One
46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. A
Passage Two
51. D 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. B
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