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2019中考英语复习资料:代词

2019.02.21 18:01

  新东方在线中考网整理了《2019中考英语复习资料:》,供同学们参考。

  代词

  (一) 知识概要

  英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。 人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表

  人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们

  主格 i you he she it we you they

  宾格 me you him her it us you them

  物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表

  人称 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的

  形容词性 my your his her its ours your they

  名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

  反身代词可见下表

  人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们

  反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves

  指示代词主要有this, that, these, those

  疑问代词有:who, whom whose, what, which,

  还有疑问副词when, how, where, why。

  不定代词在初中课本中主要有some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…

  (二) 正误辨析

  [误]Tom's mother is taller than my.

  [正]Tom's mother is taller than mine.

  [析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:my book,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。

  [误]We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.

  [正]We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.

  [析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework, 所以应用it。

  [误]He and you should go to the library to return the books.

  [正]You and he should go to the library to return the books.

  [析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:He and she …如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you, we, 如:Tom and I are good friends.

  You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.

  We, you and they have been there before.

  I, he and you have to pay for it.

  [误]He or his brother is doing their homework.

  [正]He or his brother is doing his homework.

  [析]由either…or, neither…nor, or 连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.

  [误]His brother is taller than him.

  [正]His brother is taller than he.

  [析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。

  I like you as much as she.

  [正]I like you as much as her.

  [析]as…as 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。

  [误]Myself did it yesterday.

  [正]I myself did it yesterday.

  [正]I did it myself yesterday.

  [析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。

  [误]Take care of ourselves.

  [正]Take care of yourselves .(yourself)

  [析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.

  [误]Please bring your daughter with yourself.

  [正]Please bring your daughter with you.

  [析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如: The old woman spoke to herself.

  [误]Make yourself home.

  [正]Make yourself at home.

  [析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有:

  enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样

  help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路

  seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣


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