2018.03.13 17:42
新东方在线中考网整理了《中考英语语法知识点:名词的重要考点》,供同学们和家长参考。
名词的重要考点
1. 名词的复数变化
名词复数的规则变化是:
①一般在词尾加“s”如:desk+s [-ks] bag+s [-gz] bed+s[-dz] hat+s [-ts]
②以字母 s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词变复数,通常在词尾加“es”,如:bus+es [-iz] box+es [-iz] brush+es [-iz] watch + es [-iz]
③以字母o结尾的名词变复数, 一般在词尾加“s”,也有加es的,如:photo+s [-z] tomato+es [-z]
④以f或fe结尾的名词一般变f或fe为v再加es,例如:
knife─knives[-vz] leaf─leaves [-vz]
⑤以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变复数时改y为i,再加es, 如: baby ─ babies factory─factories
例:There are ____ in the field. They're eating grass.
A. a horse B. much horses
C. many horse D. many horses
答案:D
例:Look at the _____. You can see ____ and ______.
A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes,radioes
B. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radios
C. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios
D. photoes; potatos, tomatos, radioes
答案:C
名词复数的不规则变化就需要我们记忆了
child ─children fish─fish foot─feet
man ─ men woman ─ women tooth ─ teeth
sheep ─ sheep
注意:某些名词只有复数形式,例如:people (人们) clothes (衣服) trousers (裤子) police (警察) glasses (眼镜)
2. 不可数名词的量
【分析】不可数名词的量化表达
a piece of a bag of a bottle of
a cup ofa glass of a basket of
例: He often has ____ forbreakfast.
A. two breads B. twopiece of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. twopieces of breads
答案:C
例: I'd like some water, but he wants ________.
A. two bottleorange
B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottlesoranges
D. two bottles of oranges
答案:B
3. 名词所有格
有生命的名词所有格,其构成分下列四种:
1) 在单数名词后加's, 如:Tom's book my father's friend
2) 在以s结尾的复数名词后只加 ': the students' desks theteachers' office
3) 在不以s结尾的复数名词后加's: men's clothes (男服) Children's Day
4) 如并列名词属各自所有的东西,则在名词后分别加's
Tom's and Mike's bikes (汤姆和迈克各自的车子)
如并列名词为其共有, 则只需在最后名词加's,如:John and Jim's room (约翰和吉姆的屋子)
例: I found the bottle in ____room.
A. Sara and Kate B. Sara'sand Kate's
C. Sara's and Kate D. Saraand Kate's
答案:D
表示无生命的名词所有格常用of短语构成:
the window of the classroom (教室的窗户)
students of Class 2 (二班的学生)
在表示所属物的名词前有冠词,数词,指示代词或不定代词时,常用of + 名词所有格(名词性物主代词)形式,
例如:a friend of my father's (我父亲的一位朋友)
4. 名词作定语
名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如: banana trees。但man、woman等修饰复数名词时, 须用复数形式, 如: women doctors。
例:There were two ___ in thatcity ten years ago.
A. cars factory B. car factories
C. car's factories D. factories of cars
答案:B
5. 区分可数与不可数名词
不可数名词有: bread food hair home meat medicine
milk money music news paper rain rice snow tea
water weather work homework housework salt
例: There's only a little ___ inthe fridge. That's not enough for breakfast.
A. cakes B. bread
C. eggs D. biscuits
答案:B
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