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深圳大学2024年考研专业英语真题（717）
考试科目代码：717 考试科目名称：专业英语
Ⅰ. Translate the following literary passage into Chinese. (50 points)
The special status of literature is recognized by Marx in a celebrated passage in his Grundrisse, in which the problem of an apparent discrepancy between economic and artistic development is discussed. Greek tragedy is considered a peak of literary development and yet it coincides with a social system and a form of ideology (Greek myth) which are no longer valid for modern society. The problem for Marx was to explain how an art and literature produced in a long-obsolete social organization can still give us aesthetic pleasure and be regarded as ‘a standard and unattainable ideal’. He seems to be accepting reluctantly a certain ‘timelessness’ and ‘universality’ in literature and art; reluctantly, because this would be a major concession to one of bourgeois ideology’s premises. However, it is now possible to see that Marx was simply falling back on received ways of thinking about literature and art. The canons of great literature are socially generated. The ‘greatness’ of Greek tragedy is not a universal and unchanging fact of existence, but a value which must be reproduced from generation to generation.
Ⅱ. Translate the following linguistic passage into Chinese. (50 points)
Whoever consciously deprives himself of the perceptible image of the written word runs the risk of perceiving only a shapeless and unmanageable mass. Taking away the written form is like depriving a beginning swimmer of his life belt.
To substitute immediately what is natural for what is artificial would be desirable; but this is impossible without first studying the sounds of language; apart from their graphic symbols, sounds are only vague notions, and the prop provided by writing is still preferable. The first linguists were constantly falling into a trap; to me, it means a first step in the direction of truth, for the study of sounds themselves furnishes the desired prop. Modern linguists have finally seen the light; pursuing for their own ends investigations started by others (physiologists, theoreticians of singing, etc.), they have given linguists an auxiliary science that has freed it from the written word.
The physiology of sounds is often called phonetics. To me this name seems inappropriate. Instead, I shall use phonology. For phonetics first designated — and should continue to designate — the study of the evolutions of sounds.
Ⅲ. Ferdinand de Saussure claimed that “Speech has both an individual and a social side, and we cannot conceive of one without the other.” — Write an English essay of no less than 400 words to comment on it. (50 points)
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