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2024考研翻译硕士知识总结：诗歌赏析
切入角度：
(1)时代背景
(2)流派
(3)内容与主题
(4)形式：诗歌类型、构成、格律与韵脚、韵律、修辞手法、意象与象征
诗歌基本知识拓展：
诗歌类型(Epic, Ballad, Pastoral, Lyric, Ode, Satire, Elegy, Narrative poem, Epigram)
构成(Blank verse, Couplet, terza rima, Quatrain, Sonnet, Limerick)
格律与韵脚：
格律——节奏模式+音步，
节奏模式——iambic(抑扬格)
anapestic(抑抑扬格)
trochaic(扬抑格)
dactylic(扬扬抑格)
音步——monometer (one foot) dimeter (two feet)
trimester (three feet) tetrameter (four feet)
pentameter (five feet) hexameter (six feet)
heptameter (seven feet) octameter (eight feet)
韵脚——诗节的押韵方式，如莎士比亚十四行诗(abab cdcd efef gg)
韵律(alliteration, assonance等)
修辞手法(Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole, understatement, Paradox, Pun)
意象与象征
示例
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
As virtuous men pass mildly away,
And whisper to their souls, to go,
Whilst some of their sad friends do say,
“ The breath goes now,” and some say, “No:”
So let us melt, and make no noise,
No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move;
‘Twere profanation of our joys
To tell the laity our love.
Moving of th’ earth brings harms and fears;
Men reckon what it did, and meant;
But trepidation of the spheres,
Though greater far, is innocent.
Dull sublunary lovers’ love
(Whose soul is sense) cannot admit
Absence, because it doth remove
Those things which elemented it.
But we by a love so much refin’d,
That ourselves know not what it is,
Inter-assured of the mind,
Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss.
Our two souls therefore, which are one,
Though I must go, endure not yetA breach, but an expansion,
Like gold to airy thinness beat.
If they be two, they are two so
As stiff twin compasses are two;
Thy soul, the fix’d foot, makes no show
To move, but doth, if the’ other do.
And though it in the centre sit,
Yet when the other far doth roam,
It leans, and hearkens after it,
And grows erect, as that comes home.
Such wilt thou be to me, who must
Like th’ other foot, obliquely run;
Thy firmness makes my circle just,
And makes me end, where I begun.
Questions:
(1)Summarize the main content of the poem.
(2)Who is the author of the poem? Which school does it belong to? What are the characteristics of this school?
(3)What’s the theme of this poem?
(4)What’s the meter and rhyme scheme of this poem?
Key:
(1) In the opening stanza, he uses the notion of death as a metaphor for his depature from his wife. Holding strong belief in eternal life, those virtuous men do not fear death. Likely, Donne keeps strong faith in his relationship with his wife. Then Donne tells his wife not to be sad, asking for a calm separation. He justifies his wish by showing that they share a holy love, both sexual and spiritual in nature. Next, the poet
expressed his loyalty to his wife by means of a compass.
(2) Jonne Donne. He belongs to metaphysical school. Generally, their poetry is characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. The basic feature of Metaphysical poetry is its “wit” or “conceit”.
(3) Love (religious love); Death; Religious faith; Science
(4) Meter: iambic tetrameter; rhyme scheme: abab
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