同等学力英语备考时英语语法是考生必须要掌握的知识点,新东方在线考研频道整理了《2021同等学力英语语法专项复习:复合从句》,希望对大家有所帮助。
第十一节复合从句
一、总述
根据从句在句中担任成分的不同,可将其分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词有:
单纯连接词:that, whether, if (此类连接词在从句中不充当句法成分)。
疑问代词:who, whoever, whichever, what, whatever (此类词在名词性从句中充当一定的句法成分)。疑问副词:when, where, why, how (此类副词在句中充当句法成分)。
二、重点考点
1. 名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:从属连词that 、if、whether ;连接代词who 、whoever 、whom 、whomever 、which 、whichever 、what 、whatever 、whose ;连接副词where 、when 、why 、how 。其中,从属连词只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词则既起连接作用,又在从句中充当一定的成分。例如:
That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.
The fact is that he didn’t go to the dinner party.
I don’t know if he will attend the meeting.
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom?
A. 在含有主语从句的复合句中,为保持句子平衡,常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句放在句末。例如:It’s well-known that water is indispensable to life.
B. 为保持句子平衡,that 引导的宾语从句也常用it 代替,而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。例如:
He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.
C. 从属连词whether 和if 都作“是否⋯⋯”解,但if 不可引导主语从句和表语从句。
whether 可与or (not) 连用,而if 不可以。例如:
I don’t know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
D. that 和what 引导名词性从句的区别:that 在从句中不充当成分,而what 在从句
中充当一定的成分,如主语、表语、宾语等。that 可省略,what 则不可省。例如:
He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once.
E. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that 引导,常跟在下列名词后面,如fact、idea 、opinion 、news 、hope 、belief 等。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。that 不可省略。例如:
We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
2. 定语从句
引导定语从句的关联词包括:(1) 关系代词:that, which, whose, who, whom, as; (2) 关系副词:when, where, why 。关系代词和关系副词在定语中都充当一定的句法成分,关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时,一般可省去。
关系代词的选用比较复杂,它受下列条件的制约:(1) 先行词是指人还是指物;(2) 关系代词在从句中的句法功能;(3) 定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。关系代词的选用情况见下表:
例如:
I know that he is a man who (that) means what he says.
The gentleman whom (that) she met addressed her with
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